Pediatr. pro Praxi, 2004; 5: 226-230

Herpetická encefalitida

doc. MUDr. Dalibor Sedláček, CSc., a kol

Keywords: herpetic viruses, herpes simplex virus, HSV, neuroinfections, encephalitis, therapy.

Published: December 31, 2004  Show citation

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Sedláček D, kol A. Herpetická encefalitida. Pediatr. praxi. 2004;7(5):226-230.

doc. MUDr. Dalibor Sedláček, CSc.1, MUDr. Věra Štruncová1, MUDr. Kateřina Pizingerová, Ph.D.2,

MUDr. Mirka Švecová3, prim. MUDr. Zdeněk Chudáček, Ph.D.4, MUDr. Věra Amblerová5

1Infekční klinika, FN a LF UK v Plzni

2Dětská klinika, FN a LF UK v Plzni

3Virologické oddělení, FN a LF UK v Plzni

4Radiodiagnostické oddělení, FN a LF UK v Plzni

5Neurologická klinika, FN a LF UK v Plzni

Encefalitida vyvolaná virem herpes simplex (HSE) je poměrně vzácným onemocněním jak v USA, tak i v Evropě. Většina onemocnění je vyvolána HSV-1 (až 95 %), pro infekci novorozenců je typičtější HSV-2. HSV se do CNS dostává neurogenně v rámci primární, nebo reaktivované latentní infekce. Hemoragicko-nekrotizujícím zánětem jsou nejvíce postiženy temporální laloky. V klinickém obrazu dominují horečky, bolesti hlavy, poruchy chování, řeči, ložiskové příznaky, ale bývají přítomny i čichové a chuťové halucinace. K rychlé diagnostice je dnes metodou volby průkaz HSV DNA pomocí PCR spolu s vyšetřením mozku pomocí EEG a MRI. Lékem volby je intravenózně podaný acyklovir (ACV). Pokud je tato léčba zahájena do 5 dnů od prvních příznaků, je šance na přežití až 90 % (kromě novorozenců).

Autoři během 12letého období prokázali 22 neuroinfekcí, vyvolaných herpetickými viry a referují o dvou případech herpetických encefalitid.

HERPETIC ENCEPHALITIS

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) belongs to the group of relatively rare diseases in the USA and in Europe as well. The majority of diseases are caused by HSV-1 (almost 95 %), but for the newborns´ infections are more typical HSV-2. HSV enters into the central nervous system by neurogenic route within the primary infection or within the reactivation of latent infection. Temporal lobes, changed by the hemorrhagic-necrotising inflammation, are the most affected parts of the brain. Clinical picture is characterized by fever, headache, behaviour and speech disorders, focal signs, but sometimes smell and taste hallucinations are attended and observed. Especially prove of the HSV DNA by PCR in connection with EEG and MRI examination of the brain is the method of choice used for the rapid diagnosis. The intravenous administration of acyclovir (ACV) is the treatment of choice. If the treatment starts till five days from the disease - beginning, the survival-chance is almost 90 % (but not in the neonates). The authors have observed and demonstrated 22 herpetic neuroinfections during the 12 year-period and report on 2 cases of herpetic encephalitis.

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