Dětský pacient vyhrožující násilím

PhDr. Simona Hoskovcová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):347

Treatment of epilepsy in children

MUDr. Eva Babka Štěpánová, Ph.D., MUDr. Vilém Novák, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):351-357 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.068

Childhood epilepsies represent a highly heterogeneous group of disorders differing in etiology, clinical presentation, and prognosis. Accurate and timely diagnosis is essential for successful therapy and for improving the quality of life of both the patient and the family. Standard treatment consists of antiseizure drugs, the choice of which depends on the type of seizures or the specific syndrome. Approximately 30 % of pediatric patients develop pharmacoresistance, which necessitates the use of novel anticonvulsants and alternative approaches. These include epilepsy surgery, neurostimulation methods (e. g., vagus nerve stimulation), the ketogenic...

Let's not underestimate breath-holding spells

MUDr. Jakub Malý, MUDr. Miroslav Mamiňák, doc. MUDr. Jan David, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):359-362 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.069

The breath-holding spell is defined as an age-dependent, sudden-onset, involuntary, non-epileptic event. While it may initially appear life-threatening, breath-holding spell is a benign condition with a favourable prognosis. Nevertheless, in certain clinical scenarios, it can mimic symptoms of serious medical conditions and thus presents a differential diagnostic challenge. This article outlines the etiopathogenesis and diagnostic approach in a paediatric patient with suspected breath-holding spell, with a focus on published case reports involving more severe underlying etiologies.

Urological problems in adolescent boys in the general pediatrician's office

MUDr. Marcel Drlík, FEAPU

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):364-368 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.070

The most common urological complaints that bring adolescent boys to their general pediatrician are a newly detected scrotal mass, scrotal pain, and a non-retractable foreskin. In contrast to younger school-aged children, lower urinary tract dysfunctions - mani­festing as daytime or nighttime urinary incontinence, urgency, or recurrent urinary tract infections are rare at this age. Recurrent urinary tract infections predominantly affect girls, while they are much less common in boys. Pediatricians also care for boys with chronic urological conditions who are simultaneously followed by a urologist responsible for their specialized management. The aim...

Spina bifida - open forms

MUDr. Tomáš Radovnický, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Martin Sameš, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):370-374 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.071

Open forms of spinal dysraphism, primarily myelomeningocele and the rarer myelocele, represent some of the most serious congenital defects of the spine and spinal cord. They arise from disturbances of primary neurulation and clinically manifest with severe neurological impairments. They are typically associated with Chiari malformation type II and the development of hydrocephalus, both of which significantly affect long-term prognosis. Early diagnosis and urgent surgical repair play a crucial role in reducing the risk of infectious complications and enabling subsequent multidisciplinary care. Prenatal surgery has demonstrated significant improvement...

Culmination of a quarter-century of converging epidemics in child and adolescent physical and mental health deterioration

MUDr. Jakub Figueroa, MUDr. Jiří Podlipný, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):375-379 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.072

Over roughly 25 years, children and adolescents have faced converging adverse trends in mental and physical health. Population-based surveys indicate declining well-being and rising anxiety/depressive symptoms-especially among girls-while objective indicators show increased pediatric emergency visits for suicidality, greater service use for eating disorders, and higher incidence of self-harm. In the Czech Republic, harms related to alcohol and nicotine products persist, alongside rising childhood overweight/obesity. These phenomena share common biological and behavioral pathways-including stress-related hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation...

Cognitive and behavioral risks of prenatal substance exposure: An interdisciplinary perspective for pediatric care

Mgr. Aneta Votavová, Mgr. Lenka Šťastná, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):382-386 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.073

Prenatal exposure to psychoactive substances represents a significant risk factor for impaired neurodevelopment, with possible long-term consequences for cognitive functions and behavior. This review article offers an interdisciplinary perspective from the field of addictology on an issue increasingly encountered in pediatric practice. It summarizes current knowledge on the mechanisms of action of specific substances (alcohol, opioids, stimulants, cannabinoids, benzodiazepines) on the developing brain and the associated developmental risks. The text also provides practical guidance for pediatricians: how to systematically obtain prenatal history, which...

The impact of hormonal changes during adolescence on skin manifestations: causes, diagnosis, treatment, and recommendations for practice

doc. MUDr. Peter Koliba, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):388-390 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.074

Puberty is a period of significant hormonal changes, which are often accompanied by dermatological problems, especially acne. Androgens increase sebum production and alter the microbiome, which can cause inflammatory changes in the skin. The article discusses the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions, with an emphasis on collaboration between pediatricians, gynecologists, dermatologists, and endocrinologists. Special attention is paid to early diagnosis, individualized therapy, and prevention of complications. Practical recommendations outline steps to reduce risks and optimize care.

Guidelines for health support of students at school due to methodology of the Ministry of Health

PhDr. Jitka Vařeková, Ph.D., MUDr. Simona Majorová, PhDr. Andrea Mahrová, Ph.D., doc. PhDr. Klára Daďová, Ph.D., PhDr. Kamil Kotlík, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):391-395 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.075

When a child's health condition requires the implementation of health measures during their stay at school or at events and activities organized by schools, this constitutes what is known as health support for students, which is regulated by several legal provisions. According to Act 561/2004, schools are obligated to cooperate with legal representatives to create conditions for students with special health needs. The Communication of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports and the Ministry of Health on ensuring health support in schools and school facilities specifies three categories of health measures: those that pedagogical workers must perform...

Emma versus Emanuel

MUDr. Martin Gregora

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):402-404 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.077

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia belnogs to diseases screened by newborn laboratory screening. Without early diagnosis it is a serious disease with a risk of sudden death in infancy. The negative screening result should not, however, exclude it from our differential diagnostic considerations. Case reports confirm the rule that a negative screening does not exclude the disease.

(Un)realistic intravenous administration of paracetamol syrup

Mgr. Bc. Vojtěch Fišera, MBA, PharmDr. Kateřina Langmaierová, MUDr. Andrea Vlčková, Ing. Andrea Novotná Rychtecká, Mgr. Marie Lulková

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):405-410 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.078

This study analyzes an alleged intravenous administration of paracetamol syrup in pediatric care. Experimental testing demonstrated that due to high viscosity and excipients, such administration is not technically feasible. The results exclude intravenous absorption and confirm the correct conduct of healthcare staff. This case highlights the importance of quality management and the necessity of objective evidence in clinical practice

The importance of maternal care through kangaroo care for premature babies

Mgr. Lucia Mazúchová, PhD., Mgr. Anna Šrenkelová, Bc. Katarína Pálffy, Mgr. Katarína Chromčíková, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):411-415 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.079

Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a key strategy in the care of preterm infants. KMC has significant health benefits for the newborn and the mother. It has a positive impact on the mother-infant bond, which is important for the healthy development of the infant, and on breastfeeding, which is essential for nutrition and the immune system, as well as for physiological and psychological benefits and long-term cognitive and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. For mothers, KMC provides impor­tant psychological support, reduces the risk of postnatal depression and strengthens their competence in caring for their baby. KMC should be promoted as a...

Intertrigo and diaper dermatitis in children

MUDr. Daniela Humhejová

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):396-400 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.076

Intertrigo (dermatitis intertriginosa, diaper rash) is a common inflammatory skin disease in children, most often occurring in infants in the diaper area (known as diaper dermatitis). The etiology is multifactorial - moisture, friction, microbial colonization, and a compromised skin barrier all play a role. The most common complications are secondary bacterial infections or candidiasis. In terms of differential diagnosis, it is necessary to distinguish serious diseases, such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis, in the folds. Prevention, adequate hygiene, and timely treatment are key.

Vše se mění včetně zastoupení respiračních virů kolem nás. Jak na ně?

MUDr. David Salát

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):416-418