Oskar a růžová paní

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2012;13(1):3  

Effective treatment of respiratory disorders associated with cough in children

doc.MUDr.Jiřina Chládková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2012;13(1):8-11  

Cough in children has consistently been shown to be the commonest symptom for which parents consult physicians. Regarding duration cough is characterised as acute (< 2 weeks), protracted (2–4 weeks) and chronic (> 4 weeks). Most children with acute cough are likely to have a viral upper respiratory tract infection. The possibility of a more serious respiratory disorder should be always excluded. Children with chronic cough must be carefully evaluated and have chest x-ray performed. Cough may cause significant anxiety to parents, and use of inappropriate medications for cough is associated with a risk of adverse events. There are no effective...

Komplex metabolic changes in children with obesity

MUDr.Zlatko Marinov, MUDr.Dalibor Pastucha, Ph.D., MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2012;13(1):12-15  

According to current statistics, there are at an average child‘s general practice about seventy children registered with obesity, including fifty children indicated for long-term treatment of obesity due to medical indications and fifteen children are intended for targeted modifications in their diet. Currently, we are exposed to pandemic common obesity, which is a chronic metabolic disease with societal consequences. Common obesity mainly reflects an early onset of cardio-metabolic risk, but the clinical picture of complications of childhood obesity is broader and includes not only the risk of life-limitation, but also respiratory, gastrointestinal,...

Skin barrier function: a new perspective in child skin care

MUDr.Kateřina Macháčková

Pediatr. praxi. 2012;13(1):16-18  

Care of the uppermost layer of the skin is crucial in maintaining the stability of the skin‘s ecosystem, prevents the development of numerous skin diseases, and plays an essential role in the treatment and stabilization of chronic skin conditions with a defective skin barrier function, with atopic dermatitis being the most widely spread. In the Czech Republic, about 0.8 million inhabitants have a history of atopic eczema and approximately 0.6 million people report a history of bronchial asthma. Although there are genetic predispositions to developing the condition, impairment of skin barrier function is among important pathogenetic factors.

Particularity of nutrition not only by prematures infants

MUDr.Petr Tláskal, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2012;13(1):20-24  

Author summarizes current knowledge about early child nutrition and its impact on growth, development and human health from childhood to adulthood. Nutrition of foetus, depending on the state of nutrition and on the diet of pregnant women, epigenetic aspects of early nutrition and the importance of the individual components of nutrition for the development of the brain and its perception, for the activation of the immune system and stabilization of the skeleton of a child are the main subject of the communication. A children‘s doctor has an important role in the education of family and the management of child nutrition especially in the...

Salivary glands diseases in childhood

MUDr.Milan Urík, prof.MUDr.Ivo Šlapák, CSc., MUDr.Peter Mikolášek

Pediatr. praxi. 2012;13(1):26-28  

The aim of the authors of this article is to present a comprehensive overview of a group of diseases of the salivary glands in childhood, to inform about the latest possibilities of diagnostics and therapy, the potential pitfalls and diagnostic mistakes.

Congenital defects and anatomical variations of the patella in children and adolescents

MUDr.Vojtěch Havlas, Ph.D., MUDr.Jan Kotaška, MUDr.Richard Paděra, MUDr.Alena Schejbalová

Pediatr. praxi. 2012;13(1):29-32  

Congenital and developmental dislocation of the patella, bipartite patella, and symptomatic medial plica plica syndrome belong amongst the diagnostically and therapeutically most frequent diagnoses in the region of the paediatric patello-femoral joint. Treatment depends on the clinical manifestation of the pathology. In most cases the treatment should be either conservative or surgical. Congenital dislocation of the patella is usually indicated to early surgical management. Bipatite patella is successfully treated conservatively in most cases. Medial plica syndrome can be misdiagnosed with medial cartilage or meniscal problem. Arthroscopic...

Intracranial hemorrhage in term infants

MUDr.Hana Burčková, MUDr.Renáta Poláčková

Pediatr. praxi. 2012;13(1):33-35  

Intracranial hemorrhage significantly participate not only in neonatal mortality, but also in morbidity, which means serious motoric, psychical and sensory handicaps for these children. It is more frequently seen in preterm than term infants. These two groups differ in localization and etiology of it. In premature infants, the most frequent hemorrhagie is intraventricular and periventricular in location, which is originating from vascular rupture within the terminal matrix, which is caused by changes of blood pressure or coagulopathies. In term infants, it is usually subdural, subarachnois or subtentorial hemorrhage and it is most related to...

Treatment of positional plagiocephaly using a cranial molding orthosis

MUDr.Radim Lipina, Ph.D., Ing.Jiří Rosický, CSc., Bc.Štěpánka Golová

Pediatr. praxi. 2012;13(1):36-39  

Introduction: Positional plagiocephaly is a head shape abnormality resulting from prenatal and postnatal causes. This deformity may resolve spontaneously or by positional therapy but some children have residual flattening. Authors present their experience with treatment of positional plagiocephaly using cranial orthosis. Materials and methods: We have followed 18 patients treated by cranial orthosis between February and December 2010. Patients were evaluated according to CVA index prior and after treatment. Results: Four patients did not tolerate the orthosis. In three patients we were not able to initiate the therapy and in one case we finished...

Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation

MUDr.Tomáš Jimramovský, MUDr.Dan Wechsler

Pediatr. praxi. 2012;13(1):40-41  

In our report we discuss patophysiology, diagnostics and treatment of rare aneurysmal malformation of vena Galeni and we add a report from our NICU.

Use of the DIEP flap in congenital breast asymmetry reconstruction

MUDr.Tomáš Kempný, Ph.D., MUDr.Alica Hokynková, MUDr.Iva Hufová, MUDr.Zuzana Chaloupková, MUDr.Martin Fiala, MUDr.Christian Papp, MUDr.Břetislav Lipový

Pediatr. praxi. 2012;13(1):43-44  

Currently, the use of free flaps in breast reconstruction is focused particularly on oncological issues in patients after mastectomy. Free flaps are also being increasingly used in breast reconstruction for a nononcological pathology, particularly in the case of congenital breast abnormality or asymmetry. In a number of clinical cases, the use of microvascular tissue transfer represents an irreplaceable as well as elegant method that has an early cosmetic effect reducing the risk of social death in affected women or girls. Taking into consideration the benefit-risk ratio and the limits in particular patients remains an issue. The case report...

Foreign bodies in the ear

MUDr.Kateřina Sobotková, MUDr.Alice Fryčková, MUDr.Petra Marková

Pediatr. praxi. 2012;13(1):45-46  

Foreign bodies in the ear are found mainly in children. In adults they can appear only by accident during the ear cleaning, in children mostly wittingly during playing. We have inspected 403 patients with suspicion on foreign body in the ear in the retrospective study in years 2000–2008. There were 150 girls and 253 boys of average age 6,8 years. Foreign body in the ear was found in 368 cases (91 %), mostly anorganic bodies. The foreign body was taken out in general anesthesia in 16 cases (4 %).

Care of central venous catheters

Bc.Martina Petlachová

Pediatr. praxi. 2012;13(1):52-54  

Provision of intravenous treatment using central venous catheters (CVC) is a highly specialized area of nursing care requiring clinical knowledge along with technical skills. Intravenous treatment is associated with complications, with infections being the most commonly reported. The U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) intensely deals with preventing catheter infections. It issues guidelines aimed at supporting the safety of patients and reducing the risk of infections.

Treatment of infected hemangioma with propranolol and antibiotics

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Kamila Michálková, MUDr.Jiří Houda, MUDr.Martin Zápalka

Pediatr. praxi. 2012;13(1):47-49  

Infantile hemangioma is the most common vascular tumor in infanty. Superficial ulceration and infection are his the most frequent complications. The authors present 12-month-old infant with infected hemangioma of thoracic wall which was successfully treated with combination of propranolol and antibiotics.

Limits in care of disabled and seriously ill children

MUDr.ThLic.Jaromír Matějek, Ph.D., Th.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2012;13(1):55-56  

In this article we explore the limits of care for severely disabled and seriously ill children. We put the questions about manipulation with point of the death and we are looking about possibilities of refusing of the therapy by parent or by child. We find a solution in discussion about ordinary and extraordinary means. Extraordinary means can be refused. However, it means that we as parents, child or doctors need not to do everything pro saving of the life of the child. We put a question, whether we know genuine wishes of the parents of these children.

Examination in the gait laboratory

prof.MUDr.Jan Poul, CSc., Bc.Jan Jadrný, Bc.Aneta Fedrová, MUDr.Karel Urbášek, MUDr.Jaroslava Bajerová, MUDr.Ludmila Kaiser-Šrámková

Pediatr. praxi. 2012;13(1):57-59  

The authors present the basic description of a new diagnostic unit, the Gait Laboratory, based on 3-D (three-dimensional) optic documentation of motion allowing, in a sophisticated „motion analysis“ manner, for a dynamic recording of the ranges of motion in the individual joints of the lower limbs in three planes throughout the gait cycle in real time. The aim is to conduct kinesiologic studies particularly in paediatric patients with cerebral palsy as well as in children with severe congenital or acquired locomotor disorders. The proposal of a new procedure entitled „Comprehensive analysis of locomotor disorders in children...

Avaskulární nekróza u dítěte s akutní lymfoblastickou leukémií

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Kamila Michálková, MUDr.Zbyněk Novák, MUDr.Petr Kamínek, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2012;13(1):50-51  

Nové trendy v používání probiotik

Dr. Lenka Čadová

Pediatr. praxi. 2012;13(1):60-62