Pediatrics for Practice, 2024, issue 3

Editorial

Pediatrie, demografie, pravidelná a nepravidelná péče

doc. MUDr. Jan Pavlíček, Ph.D., MHA

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(3):131

Review articles

Oral hygiene in children

prof. MUDr. Romana Koberová Ivančaková, CSc., prof. MUDr. Vlasta Merglová, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(3):136-139 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.028

Oral hygiene together with daily topical application of fluorides and reduction of sugar consumption from diet represent the main three pillars of caries prevention in paediatric population. Methods and time of tooth brushing depend on age and manual skills of the child. Parents are responsible of oral hygiene in early childhood, later they help and check the effectiveness of tooth brushing. The tooth brush, its modifications and dental floss are the main tools for plaque removal. The adequate amount of fluoride tooth paste applied on the tooth brush is essential. The aim of this paper is to bring the current information of oral hygiene in children.

Gynecomastia in puberty and adolescence

MUDr. Stanislava Koloušková, CSc., MUDr. David Mikulík, MUDr. MgA. Pavla Tichá, Ph.D., MUDr. Eva Dřevínková

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(3):140-144 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.029

Gynecomastia is defined as benign proliferation of the breast tissu; it can occur in up to 40-65% of men during their lifetime. In most cases, pubertal gynecomastia is the result of hormonal imbalance, it usually occurs in Tanner stage 3-4, when the testicular volume reaches 8-10 ml, at an average age of 14 years. Later it disappears spontaneously, so it does not require therapeutic intervention. In the remaining cases, it is necessary to exclude a pathological cause. The method of first choice is conservative therapy, in case of unsatisfactory results, very rare an operative solution is indicated. The case report describes the case of an adolescent...

Chronic diarrhoea of infants and toddlers

MUDr. Nabil El-Lababidi

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(3):146-150 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.030

Diarrhoea is a frequent health problem in children, mainly in those younger than 2 years of age, and is responsible for up to 13,2% of international child mortality. Majority of diarrhoea is acute and 3-20% are chronic, lasting for more than 2 (to 4) weeks. In most cases, infectious causes are responsible for chronic diarrhoea. In developed countries and with the decreasing age of the child, mainly in newborns and infants, the risk of congenital and genetic causes is increasing. In older children, allergies and immune mediated aetiologies should be considered. History and a detailed physical examination are key in evaluating a child with chronic diarrhoea....

Parenteral nutrition in neonatology III - critically ill newborn

MUDr. Peter Korček, Ph.D., MUDr. Zuzana Korčeková

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(3):152-156 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.031

The strategy for parenteral nutrition in critically ill neonates fundamentally differs from that in stable patients. The optimal intake of macronutrients and energy depends on the individual phases of the disease, which can be distinguished by the dynamics of changes in biomarkers and the level of cardiopulmonary support provided. In the acute phase, endogenous lipolysis and proteolysis occur, which is relatively independent of the exogenous nutrient supply. Catabolism of fat and muscle tissue (substrate formation for gluconeogenesis) along with glycogenolysis causes hyperglycemia, to which insulin resistance and parenteral nutrition also contribute....

Children's photoprotection and monitoring of birthmarks in children

MUDr. et Bc. Lucie Jarešová, MUDr. Jakub Brigant

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(3):157-160 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.032

Children are one of the most important population groups in which the photo-protection must be maximised due to spending a lot of time outdoors. It should be remembered that children's skin is particularly sensitive to the harmful effects of UV radiation, which increases the risk of burns and adverse effects on the skin, including the risk of skin cancer. Therefore, it is essential that we actively participate in the protection of children's skin and eliminate chronic exposure to UV radiation on children's skin.

Current treatment options of diabetes mellitus type 1 in pediatric population

MUDr. Petr Polák, doc. MUDr. Renata Pomahačová, Ph.D., MUDr. Karel Fiklík, MUDr. Petra Paterová, prof. MUDr. Josef Sýkora, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(3):161-164 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.033

The world-wide increasing incidence of this autoimunne disease, new types of short-acting insulin analogues and the improvement of the use of modern technologies, such as continuous glucose monitoring and the closed-loop hybrid insulin pump algorithm, lead to an improvement in the overal care of diabetics and a better long-term compensation of the underlying disease. The review article tries to summarize the current trends in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type I in the pediatric population and point out its possible complications. Key words: diabetes mellitus type 1, insulin, continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pumps.

Therapeutic options for arterial hypertension in children

MUC. Jiří Kodeš, MUDr. Petra Matalová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(3):166-169 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.034

Arterial hypertension is a chronic disease with constantly increasing prevalence in both adult and paediatric patients. The goal of treatment is to normalise the blood pressure values and to prevent or regress organ damage. In primary hypertension treatment, regime measures are the first-line approach. These include increased physical activity, dietary adjustments and weight reduction. In cases of insufficient efficacy, pharmacotherapy is introduced after 6-12 months, initially as monotherapy, eventually in combinations later. Five groups of antihypertensive drugs can be administered in children - angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, AT₁...

Case report

That knee hurts terribly at night

MUDr. Tomáš Vereš, MUDr. Jiří David, MUDr. Jiří Palíšek, MUDr. Jan Šenkyřík, doc. MUDr. Jarmila Skotáková, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(3):173-175 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.035

The case report discusses diagnostic approach and course of the disease of a 13-year-old female with osteosarcoma of the knee, which has presented as unilateral, escalating night pain in knee. Then briefly summarizes essential parts of patient's history used in the differential diagnosis of musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents and the use of basic imaging methods when malignant disease is suspected.

Incidentally detected abdominal mass - atypical origin, atypical diagnosis

MUDr. Terézia Tureková, MUDr. Jan Máchal, Ph.D., MUDr. Pavel Mazánek

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(3):176-179 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.036

The differential diagnosis of a pathological abdominal mass is broad. Usually, the first thing the attending physician is concerned of is a malignant disease. Neuroblastomas, hepatoblastomas, lymphomas, sarcomas, Wilms' or ovarian tumors can be palpated in the abdominal cavity. As part of the proper differential diagnostic process, it is also necessary to keep in mind non-malignant causes that may point to other serious diseases. This case report presents the patient with accidentally palpated abdominal resistance, who was in diagnostic process for suspected malignancy. In this patient, the mass did not have a malignant origin, it was a large hematoma,...

Why Vašek couldn't smile: a case study - facial nerve palsy as the initial symptom of hematologic malignancy in a pediatric patient

MUDr. Silvie Šurková

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(3):180-182 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.037

We present a case of a patient investigated for facial nerve palsy of unknown etiology. After a series of examinations ruling out infections, the diagnosis eventually led to acute lymphoid leukemia. Before this diagnosis was established, the patient had initiated corticosteroid treatment, which could have been potentially very dangerous and even fatal without proper monitoring in the context of large tumor mass. The aim of the case report is to highlight that although oncological diseases in children are rare, they may initially mimic other diagnoses, emphasizing the importance of considering their occurrence.

Pyogenic granuloma (lobular capillary hemangioma) in a 4-year-old girl after treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Bohumil Zálešák, Ph.D., MUDr. Daniel Stehlík, MUDr. Patrik Flodr, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(3):183-186 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.038

Pyogenic granuloma (lobular capillary hemangioma) is characterized by a rapidly growing mulberry-like lesion that may be sessile or pedunculated. Bleeding even with light touch (trauma) is usually its first clinical manifestation. Unlike infantile haemangioma, it can occur at any age, including adulthood. We present a case report of a 4-year-old girl with pyogenic granuloma (PG) of the left cheek, observed by her mother 3 months after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Under general anesthesia, extirpation of the partially pedunculated PG was performed simultaneously with excision of its base. Histological findings showed a focally hemorrhaged...

For nurses

Bonding - a relationship supporting to breastfeeding

PhDr. Ľubomíra Karoľová, prof. PhDr. Mária Kilíková, PhD., MPH

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(3):187-189 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.039

Bonding is characterized as a relationship that strengthens the emotional bond between mother and newborn, promotes adaptation, thermoregulation and immunity of the newborn. The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic collection and quantitative analysis of bonding data. To determine whether there is a statistically significant relationship between bonding and full breastfeeding of newborns at discharge to home care. We used document content analysis method (n = 1 650) and correlation analysis method to collect data. In the set of newborns born in 2023, we identified the implementation of bonding in 1 282 newborns (77,7 %). At discharge to home...