Proč se děti bojí přírody?

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(1):3  

Specific aspects of reccurent wheeze and bronchial asthma in children

MUDr.Jiřina Chládková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(1):8-11  

Prevalence of reccurent wheeze in infants and toddlers is high. For clinical purposes, reccurent wheeze in children below the age of 5 years is classified as episodic (viral) or multiple-trigger wheeze. Due to the heterogenity of childhood asthma, different phenotypes of disease were recognized in preschool and school-age children. In school-age children with persistent asthma, treatment with inhaled corticosteroid is associated with significant improvements in lung function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and quality of life. In children younger than 5 years with recurrent wheezing at high-risk for development of asthma preventive inhaled corticosteroid...

Rotavirus infections in the era of vaccination

MUDr.Pavel Kosina, Ph.D., MUDr.Jan Smetana, Ph.D., RNDr.Vanda Boštíková, Ph.D., MUDr.Jana Krausová

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(1):12-14  

Rotavirus gastroenteritides are among the most common childhood diseases affecting both developed and less developed countries. The high proportion of hospitalized children, treatment costs, complications and even deaths in countries with a low level of health care have initiated the efforts to develop a suitable vaccine against this infectious disease. The two currently used oral attenuated vaccines are being implemented in national immunization programmes in accordance with WHO recommendations. The countries with good-quality pre-vaccination and vaccination surveillance have an opportunity to observe the economic as well as health impacts...

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: diagnosis and therapy

doc.MUDr.Drahomíra Bartošová, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(1):16-17  

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common vertically transmitted viral infection, ranging from 0,5 to 2,0 % of all live births. CMV may be transmitted pre-natally (transplacental, in utero acquisition) resulting in congenital CMV infection, natally (infection acquired during delivery and labour), or in the post-natal period. The associated morbidity and sequelae of CMV infection vary depending on the route of acquisition of infection, and maternal immune status.

Influence of antibacterial treatment on the development of bacterial resistence

prof.MUDr.Milan Kolář, Ph.D., doc.MUDr.Karel Urbánek, Ph.D., MUDr.Vojtěch Hanulík, Mgr.Vladimíra Vojtová

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(1):18-21  

The review deals with a question of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Most important phenotypes of the bacterial resistance are described, including the real examples of the important pathogens’ resistance development in the University Hospital in Olomouc, Czech Republic. On the basis of these data, the principles of antibacterial treatment are stated.

Chronic constipation in children

prof.MUDr.Jiří Nevoral, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(1):22-29  

Constipation is one of the common complaints for which children present to paediatricians and paediatric gastroenterologists. In up to 95 % of the cases, the problem is functional constipation. Early defaecation difficulties, resulting in pain, fear and refusal to use the potty or lavatory, may lead to creating a vicious cycle with stool retention in the rectum, which may then be accompanied by encopresis. The management of chronic constipation requires a long-term approach with several phases: education and psychological guidance, removal of the retained stool and maintenance therapy in order to prevent further retention. Therapeutic advances...

Treatment of lower respiratory tract disease

doc.MUDr.Ivan Novák, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(1):30-33  

The author deals with the treatment of lower respiratory tract disease in children in the primary care with respect to evidence based medicine.

Secondary cerebellar glioblastoma in a child previously treated for medulloblastoma

doc.MUDr.Eva Brichtová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(1):36-38  

Medulloblastoma and glioblastoma multiforme are completely different types of brain tumors in the parameters of the patients‘ age and location of occurrence. Secondary glioblastoma is the most common solid tumor induced by radiotherapy. The prognosis of these secondary malignancies despite aggressive multimodal therapy is still very bleak. The author presents a case report of sixteen-year-old boy suffering from posterior cranial fossa secondary glioblastoma 6 years after combined treatment for medulloblastoma in the same location. Features of clinical manifestations, pathological and cytogenetic findings and treatment options are presented.

Tuberculous peritonitis in a 14 years old girl

prof.MUDr.Karel Křepela, CSc., MUDr.Karolina Doležalová

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(1):39-41  

Authors present a rare case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a 14 years old girl from Somalia. She was admitted in a serious status for large multicystic intraabdominal expansion suspicious from tumor. Histological and microbiological findings confirmed tuberculous etiology. The diagnosis of tuberculosis of mesenterial lymphnodes with peritoneal ascites was set down. Reservoir of the infection was not found. The treatment with combination of four antituberculous drugs and Prednison proved after two months of duration an ameliorated clinical status and an improved result of NMR. The treatment was finished after nine month. The abdomen sonography...

Neonatal hearing screening

Marie Sekeráková, Jana Skybová

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(1):45-47  

Although hearing screening is currently available at many centres, we aimed to summarize why it is important to test hearing and how early diagnosis of hearing impairment is of essential importance for a child‘s natural development. Also, our aim was to describe how hearing screening is performed at the Department of Physiological Newborns of the University Hospital in Ostrava. The paper is meant not only for nurses at neonatology units but also for those who encounter newborns in their practice and have not had an opportunity to become familiar with the otoacoustic emission screening method.

Fats in prevention of cardiovascular diseases

Jitka Rusková, DiS.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(1):48-50  

The nutrition in the early age could influence not only the actual health status, but the long-term one too as its effects could be expressed in the adolescence or adulthood. Well-known is, for example, the influence of kalcium, phosphorus and D-vitamin intake in bone mineralisation, their density and later osteoporosis. The relation of the huge increase of children´s obesity, the over-intake of proteins in the first few months and the growth of adipose cell is often discussed. It is possible to influence the cardiovascular deseases with the proper nutrition in the young age as well, and the right choise of fats plays one of prime roles in...

Spontaneous pneumothorax as a sign of idiopathic bullous emphysema (vanishing lung syndrome)

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Kamila Michálková, prof.MUDr.František Kopřiva, Ph.D., MUDr.Mária Velgáňová, MUDr.Josef Tenora, MUDr.Vratislav Smolka

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(1):42-44  

Vanishing lung syndrome is a rare disorder, in which emphysematous bullae appear in the lung, which progressively enlarge, causing compression od the adjacent lung. The paucity of the disorder in the literature and rarity of the condition in childhood, prompts us to report this case.

Sleep disorders in childhood and principles of sleep hygiene

MUDr.Iva Příhodová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(1):54-57  

Sleep disorders occur at least in 30 % of children. Attention should be paid mainly to sleep disorders which cause cognitive impairment, symptoms mimicking attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mood disturbances or affect cardiovascular function. Early diagnostics of insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome or periodic limb movements in sleep is necessary for the appropriate development of a child as well as early diagnostics and treatment of narcolepsy. disorder.

Desatero péče o dětskou pokožku v zimním období

MUDr.Kateřina Macháčková

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(1):58  

What’s a disease and why do our patients complain of us?

MUDr.ThLic.Jaromír Matějek, Ph.D., Th.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(1):51-52  

In this article we deal with the relations between humanities and natural sciences. On a concept of a disease we demonstrate, how is this concept understood by the doctor and patient. From a difference these both approaches a rises a tension, which the doctor should reflect and should manage his/her work. On the other way is the patient not understood, and it is a radix for conflicts, including forensic ones.

Prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in newborns and young infants

MUDr.Milan Hanzl, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(1):60-61  

The article presents a current view of the options and methods of prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in newborns. Major changes include shorter prophylaxis time, more accurately defined benefits and drawbacks of parenteral and oral vitamin K administration and the need for a certain caution when administering inappropriate doses of the vitamin in newborns with low and very low birth weight. vitamin K1, newborn, premature newborn.

Istmická spondylolistéza

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Kamila Michálková, MUDr.Petr Kamínek, Ph.D., MUDr.David Krahulík, Ph.D., MUDr.Mária Velgáňová

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(1):53  

Autodidaktický test 1/2011

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(1):65-66  

Stojí za přečtení

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(1):52