Můj přítel Yiannakis - praktický pediatr

MUDr. Josef Gut

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(5):271  

Urinary tract infections in neonates - diagnosis and management

MUDr.Jakub Zieg, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(5):276-278 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.063  

Symptoms of urinary tract infection in newborns may be nonspecific. Diagnosis is based on chemical and microbiological urine examination along with neonatal sepsis work-up. Correct urine sample collection is essential, usage of collection bags is not recommended, given the high risk of bacterial contamination. Early parenteral antibiotic administration along with maintenance of adequate hydration is the mainstay of the management. Ultrasound examination is necessary to detect any congenital defects of the uropoetic system. Indication of voiding cystography in newborns after the first acute pyelonephritis with normal ultrasound is still a...

Current perspective on retinopathy of prematurity

MUDr.Anna Zobanová

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(5):279-284 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.064  

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a serious vasoproliferative disorder of the retina that is currently restricted to categories of children born before 32 weeks of gestation or those with a birth weight of less than 1,500 g. Particularly at risk are children with extremely low birth weight under 1,000 g. Along with optic nerve hypoplasia, ROP is considered to be one of the two major causes of severe eye injury in children worldwide. With current knowledge on the aetiology and course of ROP, the goal of ROP treatment is not only preservation of undetached retina, but achievement of such a result when the retina allows normal or nearly normal...

Early nutrition and lifelong health

MUDr.Blanka Zlatohlávková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(5):286-290 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.065  

The concept of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease presumes that early human development programmes health and the risk of adult diseases through the processes of developmental plasticity which can create different fenotypes stemming from a single genotype in response to enviromental signals. Early nutrition is a significant programming factor. Individual long-term health can be affected by inadequate intrauterine and postnatal nutrition. In order to reduce susceptibility to noncommunicable diseases preventive measures are most effective in the time of the highest plasticity – during the human reproductive cycle which includes...

The skin microbiome, new knowledge, atopic dermatitis

MUDr.Hana Zelenková, Ph.D., MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(5):291-295 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.066  

The Human Genome Project was aimed at reading the sequences of the entire human nuclear DNA. Currently, the sequence of more than one thousand human genomes is known, with qualified estimates giving the number at 20,488 genes. The database includes the genes of an “average individual” of a given species because the analysis always uses samples from numerous people. Every human body cell carries our genetic heritage and creates what is called the first genome. The microbiome (microflora) is an ecological community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms that share our body space. The microbiome is of vital importance for the...

Occult cleft palate as the cause of velopharyngeal insufficiency

MUDr.Olga Košková, MUDr.Jitka Vokurková, Ph.D., PaedDr.Václav Baslík, MUDr.Pavel Horník

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(5):296-298 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.067  

Submucous cleft palate, uvula bifida and congenital short soft palate belong to less common diagnosis causing velopharyngeal insufficiency. Correct diagnosis of this condition is far more difficult, compared to regular cleft cases; however, it may result in serious impact on speech development. Early and correct diagnosis and synchronized effort among plastic surgeon, speech pathologist and specialist in phoniatrics is essential for successful treatment. In our department, patients with submucous cleft palate and patients with congenital short soft palate with clinical symptoms of velopharyngeal insufficiency are recommended for surgery procedure....

Skin diseases in children and occupational choice

MUDr.Daniela Humhejová

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(5):300-305 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.068  

The author deals with the most common skin diseases in children and adolescents with respect to occupational choice. She highlights the importance and correct timing of choice of career and hobbies as well as the risks caused by an inappropriate choice. The article presents an overview of the most frequent skin findings and their relationship to occupational choice (relative and absolute contraindications); also explained is the terminology of skin diseases associated with the job title, system of prevention, and management of occupational skin diseases.

Problems of trichotillomania in childhood

MUDr.Martina Bienová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(5):319-321 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.071  

Trichotillomania involves hair-pulling episodes that result in noticeable hair loss. Individuals repetitively pull out their own hair, the most common areas are the scalp, followed by eyelashes, eyebrows, and the pubic region. Trichotillomania is an obsessive-compulsive disorder and it can occur at any age but most commonly in childhood, typically in two age groups – preschool age and early puberty age. The objektive of a dermatologist is primarily to establish the correct diagnosis. Psychoterapy led by a psychologist and psychiatrist, in some cases in combination with antidepressants and antipsychotics, is considered best. Long-term...

Midwifery care of women in puerperium with postpartum depression

Mgr.Eva Hendrych Lorenzová, doc.PhDr.Mária Boledovičová, Ph.D., Mgr.Lucie Kašová

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(5):322-325 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.072  

Postpartum depression is one of serious diseases that affect health both of the woman and the child but also functioning of the entire family. In practice, this disease is, paradoxically, often diagnosed late and its treatment is complex and incomprehensive. The authors present a case study of severe postpartum depression after giving birth when a woman had to be hospitalized in the department of psychiatry. The family had to look after the newborn at home. The aim of this case report is to draw attention to diseases such as postpartum depression and noticing broader context connected with the disease and the treatment. The authors stress...

Early diagnosis of duodenal atresia: prenatal ultrasonic evidence

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Vladimír Mišuth, MUDr.Tomáš Malý, Ph.D., MUDr.Petr Polák, CSc., MUDr.Jiří Hyjánek, Ph.D., MUDr.Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(5):326-329 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.073  

Duodenal atresia is the most common type of fetal small intestinal atresia. We report a case of rare prenatal sonographic appearance of duodenal atresia in a 29 weeks´preterm neonate who had prenataly (22-week) detected an enlarged stomach with dilatation of the duodenum and polyhydramnios. After birth, radiography showed an enlarged stomach and duodenum: the classic “double bubble” sign. After stabilizing the fluid and electrolyte imbalance the patient underwent an uncomplicated duodenoduodeno- anastomosis with a good outcome.

Pharmacotherapy of cough in a nutshell

doc.PharmDr.Jan Juřica, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(5):306-311  

The article presents in tabular form the types of cough in terms of their symptomatology and the thus recommended pharmacotherapeutic group. Mucoactive agents can be classified into expectorants, mucolytics, mucokinetics, and mucoregulating drugs according to the effect on the composition and amount of sputum produced. Antitussives are divided into centrally and peripherally acting ones. The article presents the crucial pharmacological properties of each substance and/or extracts of medicinal plants. In conclusion, the basic pharmacotherapeutic approaches in treating dry and productive cough are summarized and recommendations concerning the...

The possibilities of support for breastfeeding (lactation counselling) from the perspective of lay and professional public

doc.PhDr.Andrea Pokorná, Ph.D., PhDr.Miloslava Kameníková, PhDr.Vlasta Dvořáková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(5):313-317 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.070  

Lactation (breastfeeding) counselling is an important part of effective paediatric care. The objective of the study carried out in 2015 was to evaluate how the lactation (breastfeeding) counselling is organised in nine hospitals awarded with the title of a “Baby-Friendly Hospital” and in one of the biggest perinatology centre in the Czech Republic. We also aimed to identify opportunities to improve lactation (breastfeeding) counselling efficiency based on a questionnaire survey among mothers (n = 241) and healthcare professionals (n = 114) in one of the biggest perinatology centre. The results showed that mothers views on the importance...

Komentář k „Příspěvku k problematice pravidelného očkování nedonošených dětí v České republice” a ke „Stanovisku České neonatologické společnosti k očkování nedonošených dětí”

MUDr. Daniel Dražan, MUDr. Tomáš Nečas, MUDr. Miroslav Toms

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(5):330-334