Pediatrie – jedna, či dvě

MUDr. Jan David, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):283  

Postcovid sequelae in children and adolescents

MUDr. Jan David, Ph.D., MUDr. Šárka Fingerhutová

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):287-290 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.074  

In paediatric practice, the decreasing incidence of novel coronavirus disease (covid-19) is associated with a wide variety of postcovid symptoms. In addition to the multisystem inflammatory syndrome (PIMS-TS), children and adolescents are more likely to experience various, often polyvalent disorders that are attributed to covid-19. There is talk of the so-called postcovid syndrome. Many different symptoms can be included under its definition, however, it is always necessary to think about the exclusion of other organics. The presented article deals with postcovidal symptoms in children and adolescents, practical procedure and differential diagnosis.

Update of recommendations for antibiotic treatment of acute bacterial otitis media in children

MUDr. Pavel Horník, MUDr. Tomáš Parák, Ph.D., PharmDr. Lenka Paráková, Ph.D., Mgr. Kateřina Manová, Karin Konešová, MUDr. Josef Machač

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):291-298 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.075  

Acute otitis media (AOM) is still one of the most common diseases in children. The article focuses on the individual bacterial agents of AOM in children, their characteristics, changes over time, the state of resistance and recommended management for the treatment of AOM based on current data.

Hypophosphatasia and its differential diagnosis

doc. MUDr. Štěpán Kutílek, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):299-303 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.076  

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare, inherited, metabolic disease characterized by disorders of calcium and phosphate metabolism, bone deformities, loss of teeth, recurrent fractures, growth retardation. HPP is caused by mutations of gene encoding tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). Over 400 TNSALP mutations have been documented so far. The mutation results in TNSALP deficiency and leads to defective skeletal mineralization. There are six subtypes of HPP: Perinatal lethal HPP and Infantile HPP, both of which are lethal; Benign prenatal HPP, Childhood-onset HPP, Adult HPP and OdontoHPP with a better prognosis. Clinical manifestations of...

How to enhance protective capacity of children by balanced nutrition and healthy lifestyle

prof. RNDr. Jan Krejsek, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):304-308 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.077  

Cold season is characterized by increased presence of respiratory viral infections. It is cost by seasonal increase in presence of viruses with substantial contribution of decreased protective immunity of children. This is the result of complex interplays between immunity and other body systems. One from the major contributors is unhealthy lifestyle of children characterized by low physical activity, disturbances in night sleep and inadequate nutrition. Changes foccusing on lifestyle in combination with physical activity can enhance protective potential of children. This could be also improved by intervention into the nutrition. Nutrition has to contain...

Nutrition of moderately and late preterm infants

MUDr. Tereza Brožová

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):309-312 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.078  

Infants born before 37 weeks of gestation have different nutritional requirements from term infants. It is important to start the enteral nutrition early after birth, gradually increase the amounts, monitor glycemia, supplement nutrients (by breast milk fortification or preterm formula milk) and support sucking and breastfeeding appropriately to their age. Nutritional care of preterm infants aims at supporting extrauterine growth and body composition approaching the model of normal intrauterine growth of fetus of the same gestational age. The quality and quantity of nutrition during early life has been recognized as a key determinant for health outcomes,...

Breast milk jaundice

MUDr. Nabil El-Lababidi

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):313-315 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.079  

Breast milk jaundice is a relatively common, benign condition, which is present in 20-30 % of exclusively or predominantly breast-fed infants. This type of jaundice usually manifests between the first and second week of life of the newborn and remains until the 8^th-12^th week of age. Its aetiology is not yet fully understood. The presence of factors affecting bilirubin metabolism in the breast milk is considered. Up to 70 % of infants have a genetic mutation in UGT1A1*6. It seems that alterations of gut microbiota composition and its metabolites may affect the enterohepatic bilirubin circulation. The diagnosis of breast...

Immunomodulatory effect of human milk oligosaccharides and their potential role in allergic disease prevention

MUDr. Jakub Pecl, MBA, MUDr. Matěj Hrunka, MUDr. Tereza Pinkasová

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):316-320 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.080  

The prevalence of allergic diseases is currently reaching epidemic proportions. It is estimated that nearly 1 billion of the global population suffer from some of these diseases worldwide, with allergic diseases being among the most common chronic diseases in developed countries. After the increase in respiratory allergic diseases, food allergies are referred to as the second wave of this epidemic increase. Given the practical absence of the possibility of causal treatment to date, emphasis is placed on the possibilities of primary and secondary prevention especially of food allergies. The use of specific dietary components in early childhood, which...

SARS-CoV-2 infection and newborns

doc. MUDr. Jiří Dort, Ph.D., MUDr. Alice Mocková, Ph.D., MUDr. Magdalena Daumová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):321-324 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.081  

This article discusses the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus) infection to the fetus in utero. Transplacental transmission of the virus is possible but is rare due to the special protective equipment of the placenta. In the authors' own cohort of parturients, the risk of fetal and neonatal infection was low. They examined histological changes in the placentas of the affected mothers and described a picture of placentitis caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The authors added an illustrative case report of a premature infant with congenital SARS-CoV-2 infection.In the discussion, the authors then describe...

Surgical treatment of a giant congenital melanocytic nevus in the young girl

MUDr. Júlia Bartková, MBA, Veronika Přichystalová, Anna Pribojová, MUDr. Ivan Suchánek, prof. MUDr. Břetislav Lipový, Ph.D., MBA, LL.M.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):326-330 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.082  

Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus (GCMN) causes a significant cosmetic defect associated with possible psychosocial problems in these patients, and mainly threatens these patients from the point of view of the possibility of the risk of malignant transformation. Currently, there is no well-defined strategy for how to approach these patients. The treatment strategy is different for each patient and it is important to consider it individually. In this case report, we present a girl in early adolescence with a giant congenital melanocytic nevus on the dorsum of the leg extending to the distal lower leg, in which we chose to apply an expander with later...

Morbilliform drug eruption with fever and systemic manifestations - a case report of a 12-years-old female patient

MUDr. Barbara Ivanková, MBA, MUDr. Eva Zavadilíková, MUDr. Katarína Gerecová, doc. MUDr. Janette Baloghová, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):331-334 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.083  

DRESS syndrome is a serious, potentially lethal hypersensitivity reaction that may manifest itself in a predisposed individual several weeks after taking the drug. It is important to keep it in mind in a patient who is being treated with suspected drug who develops high fevers, rash along with involvement of internal organs and typical hematological changes. Treatment consists of discontinuation of the drug, high doses of corticosteroids, possibly with intravenous immunoglobulins and complex therapy of affected organs. The authors present a case report of a 12-years-old girl under lamotrigine treatment with the development of fever, morbilliform rash,...

Health literacy of parents in the field of influenza prevention in children

PhDr. Iveta Ondriová, PhD., PhDr. Terézia Fertaľová, PhD., PhDr. Lívia Hadašová, PhD., MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):351-353 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.087  

Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease that is spread by droplet infection. Children are at risk of complications, subsequent hospitalization and, in the most severe cases, even death. One of the effective forms of prevention of influenza in children is increasing the health literacy of parents in the given issue. In the presented article, the authors present the results of a survey in the area of parents' awareness of flu prevention in children.

Unusual increase of invasive pyogenic streptococci in children

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., Mgr. Pavla Kučová, Ph.D., MUC. Veronika Vašířová, MUC. Marek Teleky, MUDr. Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):336-342 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.084  

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus, GAS) causes a wide range of diseases in children, especially pharyngitis and scarlet fever. Less commonly, it can cause serious invasive infections, including necrotizing fasciitis, pneumonia, sepsis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. GAS infection requiring hospitalization is still associated with significant serious illness and short- and long-term morbidity in younger children. Early recognition of the disease and prompt antibiotic treatment is the most natural prevention of serious GAS complications today. In children under 10 years of age, the rate of infection with invasive GAS (iGAS) is higher...

Acne therapy in adolescents

MUDr. Renata Kopová

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):346-350 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.086  

Acne is one of the most common skin diseases of adolescents, which significantly changes the quality of life and represents a serious socio-economic problem. The basis of successful treatment is an appropriately chosen external treatment, or the timely deployment of adequate systemic treatment.

Terra firma

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Doležel, CSc., MUDr. Sandra Gruberová, MUDr. Jana Kopuletá

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):343-344 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.085  

The cooperation between paediatrics and early intervention program brings benefits to children with severe disabilities

Mgr. Lucie Bartusková, Mgr. Kristina Mezníková, Bc. Vladimíra Salvetová

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):354-355  

Interdisciplinary cooperation is very important when caring for a child with a severe disability. For early children, the cooperation of paediatricians with early childhood care workers and other professionals is proving to be very effective. Early start of support for the child's development and support for his family brings benefits to both the child and his parents.

Prémiové kojenecké mléko s probiotiky, prebiotiky a HMO: Výhody pro zdravý růst a imunitu dětí

RNDr. Pavel Ježek, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):357