Já, my, medicína a umělá inteligence

MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(4):195  

Preoperative anxiety and its prevention

MUDr. Michal Frelich, Ph.D., MBA, MUDr. Filip Burša, Ph.D., EDEC, MUDr. Ondřej Jor, Ph.D., MUDr. Peter Sklienka, Ph.D., MUDr. Bořek Trávníček, MBA, MUDr. Markéta Nowaková, MBA, doc. MUDr. Jan Pavlíček, Ph.D., MHA

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(4):200-204 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.040  

Up to 70 % of children undergoing surgery experience pre-operative anxiety. This unpleasant experience continues for many children after the operation and even after discharge from hospital. Severe preoperative anxiety has a number of negative clinical and behavioural consequences. The aim of preoperative anxiety management is to identify patients at risk and to initiate preventive measures that include non-pharmacological interventions, supplemented by the administration of sedative premedication, when indicated

Empirical oral antibiotic therapy for the most common acute community-acquired bacterial infections in children

MUDr. Marek Štefan, MBA, PharmDr. Jindřich Havránek, PharmDr. Markéta Petrželová, Mgr. Jitka Gambacorta, Mgr. Markéta Kulakowská, PharmDr. Šárka Nováková, PharmDr. Dagmar Dolinská, Mgr. Antónia Modráková, PharmDr. Alena Valko, MUDr. Otakar Nyč, Ph.D., MUDr. Jana Tejnická, MBA, doc. MUDr. Jakub Zieg, Ph.D., MUDr. Petra Dytrych, Ph.D., MUDr. Milan Trojánek, Ph.D., MUDr. Jitka Müllerová-Dissou, MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(4):206-212 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.041  

This article addresses the issue of empirical oral antibiotic therapy for the most common acute community-acquired bacterial infections in children, specifically tonsillitis, otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia, cystitis, pyelonephritis, erysipelas, cellulitis, impetigo, and erythema migrans. In addition to first-choice antibiotics, alternatives are provided in cases of antibiotic shortages or allergies. The recommendations also include magistral (compounded, pharmacist-prepared) formulas for selected antibiotics. The article further focuses on the AWaRe classification of antibiotics, which divides available antibiotics into three groups according to...

Current knowledge about the prevalence of hypertension in children and adolescents and why is it good to know that?

MUDr. Miroslav Belbl, prof. MUDr. Tomáš Seeman, CSc., MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(4):214-216 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.042  

Although the rising prevalence of hypertension among children in the whole world is lately often discussed, recent data from the Czech population are not available to answer seemingly an easy question "How many Czech children are hypertensive?". To determine estimate of the prevalence of hypertension we may base on the many other recent data which include studies performed in the USA, many European countries or the newest meta-analysis. The only published study performed in the Czech Republic until today is based on the data which will be soon twenty years old and thus can quite differ from the reality of today. The role of the general pediatrician...

Interpretation of thyroid hormone results

MUDr. Jarmila Vojtková, PhD., MUDr. Alena Szökeová, MUDr. Terézia Kráľová, PhD., MUDr. Andrej Fiačan, MUDr. Anna Ďurdíková, PhD., prof. MUDr. Peter Bánovčin, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(4):218-222 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.043  

Dysfunction of thyroid gland is one of the frequent endocrinopathies in childhood, therefore thyroid hormones are investigated as part of the differential diagnosis of various symptoms. Positive autoantibodies indicate autoimmune thyroid disease, and its function is evaluated based on free thyroxin (fT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) results. Subclinical hypothyroidism is a debated finding, since slightly elevated TSH can occur after acute illness or can be related to other associated conditions (obesity, nephrotic syndrome, administration of certain drugs). The concentration of free triiodothyronine (fT3) depends mainly on deiodination by...

Virtual autism. The consequence of overusing digital "screen" technologies at an early age

doc. MUDr. Hana Ošlejšková, Ph.D., doc. PhDr. Ilona Bytešníková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(4):224-229 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.044  

Over the past few decades, we have experienced a digital revolution. Digital media are now part of our lives. The amount of time children spend in front of various "screens" has dramatically increased, including televisions, video games, video portals like YouTube, smartphones, computers, and other gadgets. This has been a societal trend for the past 15-20 years, which has further escalated dramatically due to the COVID pandemic (1, 2). The results of many studies agree that excessive exposure of children to digital screen technologies has significantly negative impacts on both the mental and physical development of children and adolescents. The term...

Shaping the future of pediatric healthcare: virtual reality in burn care and rehabilitation

MUDr. Júlia Bartková, MBA, MUDr. Barbora Karoľová, Ema Knezovičová

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(4):230-234 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.045  

Virtual reality (VR) represents a breakthrough in pediatric burn care, providing in- novative solutions not only in acute treatment, but also in rehabilitation. Distractive therapy, a proven psychological phenomenon, underlies the effectiveness of VR. Scientific studies have consistently confirmed that immersive VR experiences can divert a child's attention from painful procedures, thus reducing the perceived intensity of pain. VR also serves as an important non-pharmacological adjunct that is aligned with evidence-based approaches and provides sci- entifically-based alternative and complementary treatment to pharmacological pain management strategies....

An unlucky souvenir from the tropics - a case study of fevers occuring after returning from the tropics

MUDr. Kateřina Velichová, MUDr. et Bc. Karel Medek

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(4):236-240 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.046  

In this article we present a case of a fourteen-year-old boy who was transported via ambulance to our Pediatric Ward due to a two-day-lasting fever, dehydration and total exhaustion. Additionally, the patient progressively developed respiratory symptoms, diarrhoea and rash with white dermographism during hospitalization. The medical history revealed that the boy had been visiting a tropical destination two days prior to hospital admission.

Severe pneumonia requiring extracorporeal support in twins

MUDr. Jakub Jonáš, Ph.D., MUDr. Samuel Mičica, MUDr. Petr Pavlíček

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(4):241-245 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.047  

Pneumonia is a common infectious disease in childhood. Its course may be uncomplicated, but it can also lead to respiratory failure requiring hospitalisation in the paediatric intensive care unit. The treatment of respiratory insufficiency includes support or replacement of lung function by oxygen therapy, non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation, and procedures such as inhaled nitric oxide or prone positioning. In situations where these methods fail, extracorporeal life support is necessary. In the following case report, we discuss the complicated course of pneumonia in six-year-old twins whose medical condition required connection to extracorporeal...

Paget-Schroetter syndrome - exertional axillo-subclavian thrombosis in an adolescent

MUDr. Veronika Moškořová, MUC. Anna Leharová, MUC. Eva Hrobáriková, doc. MUDr. Jana Volejníková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(4):246-249 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.048  

A 17-year-old male was admitted due to a deep vein thrombosis in a less common location - in the right subclavian and axillary veins. Further investigation revealed an extensive physical activity leading to a recent weight loss of 20 kgs with a persisting ipsilateral gynecomastia. The diagnosis of Paget-Schroetter syndrome was established. This little-known clinical condition becomes increasingly discussed including social media with relation to sport and bodybuilding. A successful anticoagulant therapy led to resolution of symptoms and recanalization at the site of thrombosis.

Positioning as part of newborn care

Mgr. Jana Kučová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(4):257-261 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.050  

Positioning is a simple nursing intervention aimed at supporting the neurobehavioral and neuromotor stability of the newborn. The goal of positioning is to prevent the child's developmental disability and to support the adjustment of the child's clinical condition to the norm. The choice of a suitable position is always individual with regard to the current clinical condition and the reaction of the child to the chosen position. Nurses' knowledge of the effect of position on the child's health is an important prerequisite for the optimal use of this intervention.

Self-monitoring in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Mgr. Petra Kašparová, Bc. Viktorie Kunovjánková

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(4):262-263 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.051  

The prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children is increasing and is being diagnosed at an increasingly younger age. One of the very important components of diabetes treatment is self-monitoring, which has undergone a long but effective development, from home measurement of blood glucose values using a personal glucometer to blood glucose sensors. The main goal is to prevent complications, but at the same time to help children lead a fulfilling life without being excluded from the group of their peers.

Simultaneous diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and ganglioneuroma of the posterior mediastinum in an 11-year-old girl

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Lenka Bakaj-Brožková, Ph.D., MUDr. Kamila Michálková, MUDr. Tomáš Tichý, Ph.D., doc. RNDr. Radek Vrtěl, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. David Krahulík, Ph.D., MBA, MUDr. Zbyněk Novák

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(4):253-256 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.049  

Ganglioneuroma is a rare, benign, terminally differentiated and slow-growing tumour of the autonomic nervous system, usually arising from sympathetic ganglion cells. Most are asymptomatic and found incidentally. We report a relatively rare case of a ganglioneuroma of the posterior mediastinum that was diagnosed simultaneously on initial imaging in an 11-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Histopathological and histochemical examination of biopsy speci­mens confirmed the diagnosis of ganglioneuroma. Because of an asymptomatic course, without tumor propagation into the spinal canal, a non-operative mana­gement by imaging follow-up...

Collaboration between pediatricians and early childhood intervention: benefiting children with special needs and their families

PhDr. Jitka Barlová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(4):265-266  

A transdisciplinary approach across various professional disciplines enables a better understanding of the complex needs of families of children with special needs and brings them many benefits. Cooperation between pediatricians and early childhood intervention appears to be beneficial. The article briefly introduces the early childhood intervention social service and it focuses on the benefits of cooperation between pediatrics and early childhood intervention, and also mentions an example of good practice.

Nová vakcína PREVENAR 20 proti pneumokokům pro děti

PR

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(4):250