Pediatrics for Practice, 2026, issue 1

Editorial

Když se z očkování stane kulturní válka, prohrávají děti

prof. MUDr. Roman Prymula, CSc., Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(1):3

Review articles

The parents and their support in the child's psychomotor development

MUDr. Alice Nogolová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(1):8-12 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.001

The psychomotor development at an early age is influenced by genetic, somatic, health and psychosocial factors. The quality of maternal behavior after birth influences the child's neurobehavioral maturation. Incorrect stimulation leads to stress in the child, which can negatively affect his development. It is important to detect any developmental disorder early and determine appropriate intervention. The article defines basic developmental milestones and their deviations, and discusses options for properly educating and supporting parents caring for their child.

Chikungunya, dengue, and West Nile virus: a growing threat to the pediatric population

prof. RNDr. Vanda Boštíková, Ph.D., Ing. Hana Střítecká, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(1):13-16 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.002

Arboviruses, i. e., viruses transmitted by arthropods, represent a growing global public health problem, posing a particular risk to children. The most significant include chikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus (DENV), and West Nile virus (WNV). These viruses are transmitted mainly by mosquitoes: CHIKV and DENV mainly by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes (Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus), while WNV by mosquitoes of the genus Culex. Global climate change, urbanization, and increased population mobility are enabling the spread of these arboviruses to new areas, including parts of Europe previously considered free of infection. Children...

Management of fever in children

MUDr. Hedvika Adamová, MUDr. Petra Matalová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(1):17-20 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.003

Fever is a universal reaction of the organism to various insults of infectious and non-infectious etiology. It is a symptom that in common pediatric practice most often accompanies diseases of infectious origin, mainly viral and bacterial diseases. Non-infectious causes of fever include, for example, metabolic and endocrine disorders, systemic autoimmune diseases, intoxication, hematological diseases, oncological diseases and many others. Pharmacotherapy of fever in children has a number of specifics compared to adults, there are various alternative dosage forms specifically designed for pediatric patients to improve their compliance, the main thing...

Recurrent urinary tract infections in adolescent girls - recommendations for practice from a gynecologist's perspective

MUDr. Petr Křepelka, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(1):21-26 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.004

Recurrent urinary tract infections (RIMCs) represent a significant medical and psychosocial health problem. Adolescence is a period in women's lives when the risk of urinary tract infection increases for various reasons discussed in the article. Understanding the etiology, treatment strategies and preventive measures is essential to improve outcomes and reduce recurrence.

Spina bifida - closed forms

MUDr. Tomáš Radovnický, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Martin Sameš, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(1):27-32 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.005

Closed forms of spina bifida represent a heterogeneous group of congenital malformations of the spine and spinal cord which, unlike open defects, are covered by intact skin. Their clinical significance lies primarily in the risk of developing neurological, urological, and orthopedic impairment due to the potential development of tethered cord syndrome. Clinical diagnosis is often challenging, as symptoms may be subtle and early cutaneous stigmata can be easily overlooked. Magnetic resonance imaging remains the diagnostic method of choice for visualizing the anatomy of the dysraphism. Early identification of at-risk patients is essential, since surgical...

Complications of varicella in children

MUDr. Lenka Kukrálová, doc. MUDr. Dalibor Sedláček, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(1):34-38 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.006

Varicella is one of the most frequently reported infectious diseases in the Czech Republic, occurring predominantly in childhood and commonly following a benign course that does not require hospitalization. Complications primarily threaten adults, as well as patients with immunodeficiency and pregnant women. The causative agent is the varicella-zoster virus. Reactivation of latent infection due to viral persistence in sensory cranial and spinal ganglia may result in herpes zoster. Congenital transmission is rare. Today, numerous preventive measures and treatment options are available.

The phenomenon of nonsuicidal self-injury - how can we help effectively? Part 1: Understanding nonsuicidal self-injury as a symptom

MUDr. Michaela Chmelíková

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(1):39-45

This article first explores the theoretical framework of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) (definition, classification, epidemiology, etiological factors) and then presents current findings on the behavioral manifestations of self-injurious behavior. Special emphasis is placed on conveying an understanding of the subjective experiences and needs of individuals suffering from this symptom. Understanding is shown to be a crucial factor in shaping an appropriate professional approach to the issue. The topic of NSSI is burdened by numerous myths and stigmatizing prejudices, which can either directly discourage affected individuals from seeking professional...

Case report

Unexpected finding in the airways of a child with cystic fibrosis

MUDr. Anna Šmejkalová, doc. MUDr. Václav Koucký, Ph.D., MUDr. Jana Bartošová, MUDr. Hana Hrdinová, prof. MUDr. Jan Baxa, Ph.D., MUDr. Marcela Kreslová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(1):48-51 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.008

We present a case report of an unusual cause of lower airway obstruction in a four-year-old boy with severe cystic fibrosis (CF), genotype F508del/F508del, chronically infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and dependent on percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) for long-term failure to thrive. The patient, with psychomotor delay and profound psychosocial deprivation associated with institutional care, was acutely hospitalized for vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss. Chest computed tomography revealed left lower lobe atelectasis suspicious for necrotizing pneumonia, along with significant atelectatic and infiltrative changes in the right...

Hidradenitis suppurativa in the pediatric population - few in number or underdiagnosed disease?

MUDr. Barbara Ivanková, MBA, MUDr. Hana Juhásová, MPH, doc. MUDr. Janette Baloghová, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(1):54-59 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.009

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic immune-mediated inflamatory skin disease that occures in up to 2% of the population with an increasing incidence in children and adolescents. Although the disease is more common in adults and adolescents, the actual incidence may be underestimated due to lack of recognition. I tis manifested by formation of painful inflamed nodules and abscesses primarly in areas with the highest incidencem of apocrine sweat glands in the axillary, perigenital, perianal and submammary skin folds. The main challenge remains early diagnosis and targeted therapy, which can dramatically change the trajectory of patients, also with...

Childhood obesity in the context of lifestyle changes: case studies from pilot research

Mgr. et Mgr. Tereza Metelcová, Ph.D., Veronika Vyšatová, DiS., Linda Vlková, DiS.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(1):60-64 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.010

The development of obesity is influenced by various external factors, including diet, physical activity, sleep, and the psychosocial environment. Changes in these factors can disrupt energy balance and lead to excess fat mass. These unhealthy habits became more pronounced during the COVID-19 pandemic due to significant disruptions to normal daily routines. The aim of our pilot study was to evaluate the long-term effects of pandemic restrictions on body weight, diet, and physical activity in children aged 7-13 years who were followed at the Institute of Endocrinology. The children were monitored over a two-year period during regular visits with their...

For nurses

Assessing parents' needs in the context of paediatric palliative care

Mgr. Petra Růžičková, doc. PhDr. Radka Bužgová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(1):65-69 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.011

Paediatric palliative care aims to ensure the highest possible quality of life not only for the sick child, but also for their family. It requires specific knowledge and skills and differs significantly from the care provided to adult patients. Assessing parents' needs is key to providing individualized care and helps identify priority areas where parents need help and support. This review study aimed to map and analyse the scope and nature of the needs of parents caring for a child with a life-limiting or life-threatening illness. The results highlighted parents' multifaceted problems and needs, as well as the lack of available assessment tools.