Dětská obezita: stále máme čas na změnu

prim. MUDr. Jan Boženský, MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):139

Eosinophilic esophagitis

MUDr. Nabil El-Lababidi

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):142-147 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.023

Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, progressive, immunologically mediated disease of the oesophagus, which may cause symptoms of oesophageal dysfunction. Both the incidence and prevalence of EoE are increasing. Clinical presentations are varied and often non-specific. Traditionally associated symptoms with EoE, mainly dysphagia and food impaction, are present in school-aged children and adolescents. EoE treatment is based on elimination diet, proton pump inhibitors and/or topical corticosteroids. Anti-interleukin 4/13, dupilumab, may be considered as an option in refractory EoE cases. Prognosis of this disease is unknown.

Neutropenia - a practical guide

MUDr. Veronika Fiamoli, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):148-151 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.024

Neutropenia is one of the most common hematological findings in children. In the pediatric population, immune-mediated neutropenias predominate, which are transient with variable neutrophil levels, mostly without severe clinical manifestations and may remain under the care of a pediatrician. The most common units of acquired neutropenia include autoimmune neutropenia, parainfectious neutropenia, neonatal neutropenia, and drug-induced neutropenia and neutropenia due to nutritional deficiencies. In contrast, congenital neutropenias, which manifest during the first months of life, are persistent and are accompanied by profound neutropenia with severe...

Proteins in infant diet: how much is too little, how much is too much, how much is optimal, and why?

doc. MUDr. Milan Kuchta, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):152-158

Introduction: Breast milk proteins represent an essential macronutrient for the growth and development of infants. These proteins exhibit specific biological quality: a high proportion of whey proteins relative to casein, a rich content of bioactive fractions (e. g. immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin) and play an important role in immunomodulation and digestive maturation. Context: Historically, infant formulas have been designed with higher protein content (≥ 2.5 g/100 kcal) than breast milk to compensate for the different biological value of cow's milk proteins and to support growth. However, such higher levels have been associated...

The most frequently indicated diets in pediatrics

MUDr. Jiří Kopeček, MUDr. Peter Szitányi, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):159-168 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.025

Children, as adults, have conditions for which dietary adjustments are required as part of their treatment. Diets must be managed with sensitivity to the balance between therapeutic effect and higher energy intake requirements and sufficient provision of nutrients within a developing organism. This review article discusses the most common diets encountered in pediatrics, their characteristics, and their most common risks. Article is focused on diets in chronical diseases.

Association of gastroesophageal reflux and recurrent bronchospasms in preschool children: from pathophysiology to practice

MUDr. Peter Kunč, PhD., MUDr. Jaroslav Fábry, PhD., MUDr. Tomáš Strachan, PhD., prof. MUDr. Renata Péčová, PhD., MPH

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):169-173 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.026

Recurrent wheezing represents a significant cause of respiratory morbidity in preschool children. While viral infections remain the primary drivers, comorbidities such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and extraesophageal reflux (EER) play a significant role in refractory cases. This review analyzes the complex and bidirectional relationship between reflux and the respiratory tract, focusing on the pathophysiological mecha­nisms of microaspiration and the vagal reflex. It critically assesses the limitations of standard pH-metry in detecting non-acid reflux and highlights the importance of multichannel intraluminal impedance . Finally, it summarizes...

Nutritional support for preterm infants after discharge: indications for interventions and the role of iron supplementation in comprehensive care

MUDr. Jiří Dušek, Ph.D., MHA, MUDr. Lenka Nedvědová, MUDr. Jana Dušková

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):174-176 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.027

Nutrition after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit represents an important period influencing the subsequent growth and neurodevelopment of preterm infants. Infants born before 32 weeks of gestation or with very low birth weight remain at increased risk of postnatal growth restriction and nutritional deficiencies. This article summarizes the main indications for nutritional interventions after hospital discharge, with emphasis on growth monitoring and the role of iron supplementation as part of comprehensive post-discharge care. A practical framework for follow-up and nutritional management in outpatient pediatric practice is also discussed.

Art therapy intervention in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

doc. MUDr. Petr Kachlík, Ph.D., MSc., Mgr. Pavel Sochor, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):177-180 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.028

This is a review article, the aim of which is to expand awareness of the field of art therapy, the possibilities of applying art therapy approaches, methods and techniques in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The text includes the development of professional knowledge, including current information from research and practice. The paper lists workplaces focusing on this target group. The multidisciplinary topic connects not only special educators, but also psychologists, art therapists and pediatricians.

Case report of severe congenital neutropenia

MUDr. Pavel Mazánek

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):186-188 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.030

Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) comprises a group of rare hematological disorders characterized by profound neutropenia (ANC < 0.5 × 10⁹/L) and impaired neutrophil maturation in the bone marrow. The disease typically presents in early infancy with recurrent and potentially life-threatening bacterial infections. The most common genetic causes include mutations in the ELANE and HAX1 genes. SCN is associated with an increased risk of progression to myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is the mainstay of therapy, significantly improving neutrophil counts and reducing infections....

When a "viral infection" is not a viral infection: morning vomiting and behavioral changes as signs of intracranial hypertension in a toddler

MUDr. Miroslav Belbl

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):189-191 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.031

We present the case of an almost two-year-old girl who presented to the pediatric emergency ambulance with sudden onset of symptoms of intracranial hypertension and peripheral facial nerve palsy. Due to the alarming symptoms, brain imaging was immediately performed, which confirmed the diagnosis of a brainstem tumor with obstructive hydrocephalus. The girl was subsequently transferred to a neurosurgical department for ventricular drainage. The discussion addresses the prevalence of these tumors, their prognosis, and their typical symptoms.

Ramsay Hunt syndrome complicated by varicela zoster virus associated meningoencephalitis in a six-year-old girl

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Lenka Bakaj-Zbrožková, Ph.D., MUDr. Tomáš Bakaj, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):192-194 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.032

Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) is caused by reactivation of the varicela zoster virus, which persists in a latent state in the geniculate ganglion after primary infection with chickenpox. The syndrome is characterized by a combination of peripheral facial nerve palsy, a painful herpetiform vesicular eruption on the ear auricle and in the external auditory canal, and possible accompanying vestibulocochlear symptoms with disturbances of taste, hearing, or balance. It occurs less frequently in children and generally has a milder course than in adults. The syndrome accounts for approximately 15% of cases of facial nerve palsy in children. Rarely, it can be...

Vomiting and motion sickness in children during travel - recommendation for parents

PharmDr. Petra Rozsívalová, PharmDr. Aneta Vopařilová Marková, Ph.D., MUDr. Marie Kopecká, doc. PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):181-185 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.029

Motion sickness is a physiological response to sensory conflict between the vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive systems, most commonly affecting children aged 4-13 years. The clinical picture ranges from malaise and yawning to nausea and vomiting. Non-pharmacological preventive measures are the cornerstone of management. Pharmacotherapy is indicated when these measures fail; first-generation antihistamines (dimenhydrinate, cinnarizine, moxastine) are the drugs of choice in children. Scopolamine and promethazine are off-label in young children. This article provides a practical, evidence-based summary of motion sickness management including non-pharmacological...

Vosoritide - naděje pro děti s achondroplazií

MUDr. Zuzana Zafarová

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):195-198