Jak se vyznat v nových formách nikotinu

prof. MUDr. Eva Králíková, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):79  

Children and nicotine

prof. MUDr. Eva Králíková, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):83-86 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.026  

Smoking among children aged 15 years has fallen to 11% in the country (1). This figure is from 2019 and can be expected to be even lower in 2023, although still higher than roughly 1% in the US. Those who not reach for cigarettes today, however, use other forms of nicotine without smoke - most commonly vaping or using nicotine pouches or snus or heated tobacco. An explanation of these terms, the degree of health risk, but also the degree of risk of addiction or the degree of attraction, are described.

Neurofibromatosis von Recklinghausen type I (NF1) - clinical picture in childhood, diagnosis and therapy

MUDr. Bořivoj Petrák, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):87-92 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.027  

Neurofibromatosis von Recklinghausen type I (neurofibromatosis type 1, NF1) is a multisystem, autosomal dominant hereditary neurocutaneous disease with a prevalence of 1 : 2 000-3 000 in the population, characterized by involvement of the skin, central and peripheral nervous systems, eye, bones and vascular walls. The disease is caused by a the mutation in the NF1 gene (17q11.2) and a change in the formation of neurofibromin, which is a negative regulator of the metabolic pathway of RAS, thus contributing to the development of tumor processes. Central nervous system tumors are primarily low-grade gliomas of the visual pathway and are often asymptomatic....

ESPGHAN recommendations for paediatric coeliac disease follow-up

MUDr. Nabil El-Lababidi

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):95-97 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.028  

Thanks to the ESPGHAN (European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition) guidelines, the ideal approach to establishing the diagnosis of coeliac disease (CD) in children is clear. However, uncertainty in further follow-up of these children was present. In 2022, ESPGHAN published a position paper regarding further clinical and laboratory follow-up of children with CD. This position paper expresses its opinion regarding even controversial topics such as refractory and potential CD. Implementation of these published recommendations into clinical practice should lead to improvement in the care of paediatric CD patients.

Roma population and selected aspects of health care

prof. MUDr. Tatjana Dostálová, DrSc., MBA, RNDr. Hana Eliášová, Ph.D., MDDr. Eliška Šedivá, doc. MUDr. Vlasta Merglová, CSc., prof. MUDr. Milan Macek, DrSc., MHA

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):98-101 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.029  

Generally, the Roma population has problems with treatment options and often experiences discrimination due to structural barriers when accessing health services and for that reason may mistrust those services. The aim of our study is to evaluate the most efficient systems for the engagement of the Roma community aimed at enhancing trust in health services, mainly in the field of dentistry. Since the overall state of dentition significantly affects the quality of life, it is not possible to neglect dental care in excluded localities. A combined social and healthcare approach that represents the basic pillars of prevention (comprising dental hygiene,...

Sexual risky behaviour - children and youth as victims and participants

prof. PhDr. Ingrid Emmerová, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):102-104 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.030  

The article deals with the problem of sexual risky behaviour of children and youth. They can be victims, but they can also engage in sexual risky behaviour (of varying severity and dangerousness). The current situation convinces us of the need for effective prevention in primary and secondary schools. The author pays special attention to the possibilities of paediatricians in this area.

Treatment of nicotine pouches addiction in children and adolescents - two case reports

MUDr. Lenka Štěpánková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):105-106 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.031  

The use of nicotine pouches among children and adolescents has unfortunately become a very common phenomenon in the last few years. Until now, children and teenagers could even purchase nicotine pouches themselves without legal restrictions. Their use is very inconspicuous and difficult for parents, teachers and doctors to identify, which further contributed to their spread. Below I want to demonstrate two different case studies that show opposite sides of the spectrum: Most cases do not proceed as dramatically as the first case study describes, nor as smoothly as in the second case study.

Erythema ab Igne

MUDr. Zuzana Nevoralová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):107-110 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.032  

Erythema ab igne is a rash characterized by a reticulated pattern of erythema and hyperpigmentation. It is caused by repeated exposure to direct heat or infrared radiation. While the rash is most often benign, its presence can indicate chronic inflammation or, less commonly, systemic illness. Furthermore, a careful inspection of the rash is necessary. Evidence of pre-malignant or malignant trasformation is possible. A case of a 12-year old girl with a typical signs of erythema ab igne is presented. In an article, clinical sign, possible causes, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of this clinical unit is given.

Lethal syndromes in pediatrics - three cases of trisomy 18

MUDr. Michaela Ducháčová, doc. MUDr. Jan Pavlíček, Ph.D., MUDr. Eva Pavlíčková, MUDr. Markéta Nowaková, MBA, MUDr. Bořek Trávníček, MBA, Mgr. Iva Kuzníková, Ph.D., Bc. Tereza Broďáková

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):111-115 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.033  

Edwards syndrome is a significant genetic abnormality with an unfavorable prognosis. It has a high rate of prenatal detection, which significantly affects its occurrence in the pediatric population. Postnatally, the dominant organ pathology is heart defects, clinically these patients always present with psychomotor impairment and failure to thrive. Despite the high percentage of early lethality, some patients may live longer than one year, and it is, therefore, to set up complex care for them. This care is available, including the management of organ pathologies. Complex or palliative care concepts are of considerable benefit in these children.

Hypertension not treatable with enalapril in a boy with recurrent acute myocarditis

MUDr. Simona Ulrich, MUDr. Eva Drahokoupilová, MUDr. David Sumerauer, Ph.D., MUDr. Patrik Konopásek, MUDr. Lucie Slámová, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Lucie Šrámková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):116-119 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.034  

Secondary hypertension in the paediatric preadolescent population prevails over primary hypertension. Although in most children, the cause is renal or cardiac, it is also necessary to consider endocrine and other factors. Here we present the case report of an 11-year-old boy, who presented predominantly with signs of acute myocarditis, and the cause of hypertension was clarified only at the second attack of these problems. A tumour was found in the retroperitoneum by ultrasound, later histologically determined to be a paraganglioma. Endogenous overproduction of catecholamines based on the presence of paraganglioma represents a very rare cause of hypertension...

Communication with a child with autism spectrum disorder in a hospital setting

Mgr. Veronika Dobešová, Bc. Veronika Glosová, doc. PhDr. Andrea Botíková, PhD., MPH, Mgr. Daniela Bartoníčková

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):120-123 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.035  

Communication impairment, which belongs to the basic triad of symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), can be a complication in providing comprehensive nursing care for children with this disorder. Nurses lack knowledge about the manifestations and issues of communication with children with ASD and often do not know how to establish effective communication. A short and clear form of communication is very important and sufficient time is needed. Short case studies revealed shortcomings in communicating with children with ASD in a hospital setting; communication with a child with ASD in a residential care facility could be an inspiration. From the...

Monitoring of nursing care for peripheral intravenous access in hospitalized children

Mgr. Gabriela Světnická, prof. PhDr. Darja Jarošová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):132-134 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.038  

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine how nursing care for peripheral intravenous access is performed in hospitalized children. Methodology: As part of an observational study, nursing care for inserted peripheral venous catheters (PVC) was monitored using the PIVC-mini Q evaluation tool in 209 children aged 6 to 11 years. The research was carried out in seven hospitals of the Moravian-Silesian Region from July 2021 to March 2022. The evaluation was performed by trained nurses in the respective departments. Results: It was found that nursing care for children's intravenous access is performed by nurses based on their personal experience....

Open depressed skull fracture after stone-throwing accident

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Vlastimil Novák, Ph.D., MUDr. Petra Crhonková, MUDr. Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):127-131 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.037  

The most common causes of traumatic brain injury in children are falls, traffic or sports accidents, and aggressive attacks to the head. Impression fracture of the skull is common in pediatric patients with traumatic brain injury and accounts for up to 23% of all skull fractures.The main goal of surgical management of depressed fractures is to correct the cosmetic deformity and prevent infection. For the diagnosis of skull fractures and traumatic brain injury (TBI), CT is the reference standard. We present the case of a 10-year-old boy who suffered an open depressed fracture of the frontal bone by a thrown stone during a sibling fight. Emergency neurosurgery...

What a travel first-aid kit should include

PharmDr. MVDr. Vilma Vranová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):124-126 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.036  

A travel first aid-kit does not differ significantly from a household one. What items should be included depends on the length of stay away from home, the particular destination as well as the activities planned. The following text can serve as a guide as to which medications and medical devices should be contained in a travel first-aid kit, depending on the traveller's requirements.

The possible therapeutic effect of fermented foods

prof. MUDr. František Kopřiva, Ph.D., MUDr. Denis Dvořák, MUDr. Jitka Pallerová

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):137-140  

The unhealthy lifestyle of modern man and the negative effects of the environment lead to the disturbance of the balance of the intestinal microbiota and an increase in chronic non-infectious (non-communicable) diseases and increased activity of chronic inflammation in the body and an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, tumors, autoimmune diseases, etc. One of the possibilities to support the variability and growth of the microbiota is to increased proportion of fermented foods in diet, which restore the "healthy" balance of bacteria in the intestine and reduce the activity of the inflammatory response.

Use of low-FODMAP diet in pediatrics

MUDr. Pavel Frühauf, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):141-142  

Excluding oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) from the diet is increasingly being used to treat children with gastrointestinal complaints. There is insufficient evidence to routinely recommend the use of the low-FODMAP diet to treat functional gastrointestinal disorders, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, inflammatory bowel diseases or small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth in children.