Také běžím pomalu

Pavel Frühauf

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(2):67  

Why consider screening for preclinical stages of type 1 diabetes in children?

MUDr. Barbora Berka, MUDr. Vít Neuman, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Štěpánka Průhová, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Šumník, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(2):71-74 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.014  

Type one diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic pediatric diseases with continuously increasing incidence. Approximately one third of newly diagnosed children suffer from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). In this article we would like to introduce the βetty project, a pilot T1D screening programme that detects T1D in its early preclinical stages and effectively prevents DKA at T1D onset. The screening can be offered to children from 2 to 18 years of age and is based on T1D specific autoantibody detection in capillary blood.

Immunotherapy options for type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents

doc. MUDr. Štěpánka Průhová, Ph.D., MUDr. Barbora Berka, MUDr. Vít Neuman, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Šumník, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(2):75-78 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.015  

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease leading to the gradual destruction of beta cells and subsequent development of diabetes. Immunotherapy aims to stop the process of destruction and prevent or modify the rate of diabetes. Clinical trials have tested the effect of various agents to stop the autoimmune process. Treatment can be divided into antigenic, biological and supportive. In antigenic treatment, for example, the GAD-Alum, presenting the GAD autoantigen, or orally administered insulin are being tested. Biologic therapy includes agents that affect regulatory T lymphocytes, reduce autoimmune inflammation, and reduce the number and phenotype...

Parenteral nutrition in neonatology II - macronutrients and energy

MUDr. Peter Korček, Ph.D., MUDr. Zuzana Korčeková

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(2):79-85 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.016  

The second part of the neonatal parenteral nutrition series focuses on macronutrients and energy. Macronutrients provide the primary nutritional source of energy and can be classified into proteins, fats (lipids), and sugars (carbohydrates). In neonatal parenteral nutrition, proteins are provided in the form of amino acids, sugars in the form of glucose, and fats are administered in the form of intravenous lipid emulsions. Evaluating the condition of a newborn and biochemical monitoring of macronutrient intake are essential for optimizing nutrient delivery and preventing serious complications.

Congenital hemangioma - diagnostics and therapy

MUC. Tereza Chudašová, prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(2):88-90 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.017  

Congenital hemangioma is a rare benign vascular tumor which we may have trouble differentiating from other vascular lesions or tumors. Most of the time, it is mistaken for infantile hemangioma, which has its differences not only in its natural history and development, but most importatly in treatment. In this article, we will describe its clinical description, diagnostic options and correct therapeutical procedures. Furthermore, we mention complications which should not be forgotten about in our clinical practices.

Management of care of newborns of mothers with thyreopathies

MUDr. Alice Mocková, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Renata Pomahačová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(2):92-95 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.018  

Thyreopathies in women of child bearing age are among the most common endocrinological diseases. Unrecognized or inadequately treated female thyroid disease scan cause infertility, complications in pregnancy and, last but not least, negatively affect the development of the fetus, especially its metabolic processes and the function of the central nervous system. Abnormal levels of maternal and subsequently fetal thyroid hormones in the prenatal period can cause irreversible changes in the newborn, affecting its physical and mental development. The aim of this article is to highlight the most common maternal thyreopathies, especially those of autoimmune...

Risky behaviour of children and youth and health risks

prof. PhDr. Ingrid Emmerová, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(2):96-99 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.019  

The paper presents the current state of risky and problem behaviour of children and youth, with a particular focus on health risks in the Slovak Republic. It presents selected results of a research which was carried out by questionnaire method among primary and secondary school teachers in Slovakia. The paper points out the necessity of prevention and its implementers, including the possibilities of paediatricians in this area.

Wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis

MUDr. Barbara Mílková

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(2):102-104 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.021  

Wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) is a rare but potentially serious food allergy in which anaphylaxis develops if food containing wheat is consumed within 4 hours before or shortly after physical activity. While its consumption is tolerated by the patient under other circumstances. In addition to physical exertion, some other cofactors can contribute to its development.

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency as a first sign in toddler with cystic fibrosis with negative newborn screening - a case study

MUDr. Zuzana Michnová, PhD., MBA, doc. MUDr. Zuzana Havlíčeková, PhD., MUDr. Marek Pršo, PhD., MUDr. Michaela Matiščáková, MUDr. Jaroslav Fábry, PhD., prof. MUDr. Peter Bánovčin, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(2):105-108 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.022  

The cause of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is inadequate secretion of pancreatic enzymes or premature inactivation or inadequate activation in the bowel. The main cause is chronic pancreatitis and cystitic fibrosis. Clinical manifestations of pancreatic malabsorption are weight loss, steatorrhea with diarrehea, azotorhhea, loss of serum albumin and proteins. Cystic fibrosis is the most common autosomal recessive disease of the Caucasian population characterised by chronic multi-organ impairment. Early diagnosis and multi-professional centre care is necessery for optimal management and improved quality of life and survival of patients. The authors...

The psychological impact of enuresis on the child and parents

Mgr. Jana Chromá, Ph.D., Bc. Eliška Chlumecká, PhDr. Bohdana Dušová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(2):122-126 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.023  

Nocturnal enuresis is referred to in the literature as uncontrolled leakage of urine without the participation of will and attention during sleep in a child older than 5 years. It is a relatively common pediatric problem. Aim: The aim of the review was to summarize and analyze relevant studies related to the perception of enuresis from the perspectives of children and their parents. Methods: Design: literature review. Results: Children diagnosed with enuresis have more psychological and behavioural problems, lower self-esteem, lower quality of life and a greater tendency to social anxiety and depression compared to children without enuresis. Conclusion:...

Probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic, postbiotic, paraprobiotic…

doc. MUDr. Milan Kuchta, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(2):109-114  

Introduction: Improving human health through the modulation of microbial interaction during all stages of life is an evolving concept that is increasingly important to consumers, food manufacturers, healthcare professionals and regulators. With the development of the aforementioned knowledge, scientific evidence, theories and hypotheses, „new“ designations and definitions of basic terms were also developed, which are important for a systemic view and understanding of the meaning and current state of knowledge in this area. Context: We present recent definitions of basic terms, partly with their explanation, to help pediatricians better...

Look at erdosteine in the decade since Erica's study

prof. MUDr. František Kopřiva, Ph.D., MUDr. Denis Dvořák

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(2):115-119  

In 2013-2015, in cooperation with general practitioners for children and adolescents, the ERICA study was conducted in children with recurrent respiratory tract infections. We hypothesized that when erdosteine is administered in the first days of an incipient infection, the rate of inflammatory response in the respiratory tract will decrease and thus the severity of clinical symptoms and the need for antibiotic treatment. Within ten years, the new properties of erdostein were confirmed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and during the SARS-Covid-2 epidemic. Thus, erdostein is not only a mucolytic substance, but has significant antioxidant...

Early feeding practices and the risk of coeliac disease

MUDr. Pavel Frühauf, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(2):120-121  

In the population at genetic risk of developing CD (HLA DQ2/DQ8-positive), exclu­sive or any breastfeeding and longer breastfeeding duration did not reduce the risk of developing CD/CDA during childhood. Age at gluten introduction was not associated with cumulative CD/CDA risk. Evidence from six observational stu­dies suggests that consumption of a higher amount of gluten at weaning and/or thereafter may increase CD risk. There is insufficient evidence to determine the amount of gluten associated with an increased CD/CDA risk. Regarding whether infant feeding practices modulate the risk conferred by different HLA genotypes results were inconsistent.

Kloubní hypermobilita a Gorlinovo znamení

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Doležel, CSc., MUDr. Jana Šťastná, Ph.D., MUDr. Blanka Pinková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(2):100-101 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.020