Pediatrics for Practice - Latest articles
Results 151 to 180 of 436:
Thrombotic events in newbornsCase report
MUDr. Ondřej Zapletal, Ph.D., MUDr. Pavel Mazánek
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):402-406 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.076 
Introduction: Thrombotic events are a relatively rare disease in the neonatal period. They usually occur as a complication of another disease or its treatment, with infection, childbirth complications and the insertion of a catheter into a vessels being an important risk factor. Current recommendations for the treatment and prophylaxis of thrombosis in newborns are based on the 9th ACCP consensus and the recent recommendations of ASH and ISTH. Heparins (unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)) are the drug of choice for initial treatment. The treatment strategy for newborns differs in some aspects from the treatment of...
Juvenile xanthogranuloma in newborn and infant ageReview articles
MUDr. Jiří Bufka, MUDr. Ilona Ngoc Šleisová, MUDr. Magdalena Daumová, Ph.D.
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):398-400 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.075
Juvenile xanthogranuloma, benign, proliferative disorder, most common of the non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, mentioned in the article with regard to its histopathological background, clinical evaluation, diagnostic, differential diagnosis and treatment.
Burns in children and their consequences: Practical scar careReview articles
MUDr. Júlia Bartková, MBA, MPH, Lívia Petrásšková, Ema Knezovičová, Barbora Karoľová, MUDr. Iva Tresnerová
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):390-397 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.074
The treatment of scars in pediatric burn patients es a combination of non-surgical and surgical approaches aimed at minimizing scar formation and improving both functional and aesthetic outcomes. Non-surgical options commonly include compression therapy, silicone applications, and moisturizers to promote scar maturation and hydration. Corticosteroids are used for their anti-inflammatory effects, while botulinum toxin and 5-fluorouracil help reduce scar hypertrophy. Advanced laser treatments, play a key role in scar remodeling. Other non-invasive therapies include intralesional and surface cryotherapy, as well as intense pulsed light (IPL), which helps...
Releasing pupils from physical education from the perspective of law and inclusive educationReview articles
Mgr. Ondřej Ješina, Ph.D., JUDr. Maxim Tomoszek, Ph.D., PhDr. Jitka Vařeková, Ph.D., PhDr. Kamil Kotlík, Ph.D.
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):384-389 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.073
Despite the existence of international treaties and strategic documents that oblige the education system in the Czech Republic to ensure equal access to education for every child, unjustified exemption from school physical education is a frequently used reality in our country. This possibility created by legislation has serious negative consequences. Excessive use of exemptions leads to the creation of barriers to access to physical activities for a significant group of pupils and to their exclusion from the physical development part of education throughout further education (physical education, swimming and skiing courses, physical competitions and...
Salivary biomarkers of dental cariesReview articles
prof. MUDr. Vlasta Merglová, CSc.
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):378-383 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.072
Dental caries is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases of childhood. In addition to excessive sugar intake and presence of dental microbial plaque, other risk factors related to dental caries are the composition of hard dental tissues and saliva. Saliva can reflect the physiological and pathological state of the oral cavity and plays a crucial role in the initiation of dental caries and protection against dental caries. Many measurable characteristics of saliva are potential biomarkers for dental caries - salivary flow rate, salivary pH, buffering capacity, evaluation of the presence and amount of cariogenic bacteria. The major salivary...
The key role of the general practitioner for children and adolescents in the context of the emerging national addiction prevention systemReview articles
prof. PhDr. Michal Miovský, Ph.D., Mgr. Tadeáš Samuel Zborník
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):372-377 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.071
The use of addictive substances and the development of the so-called non-attractive addictions has become one of the most important topics in the context of the so-called non-infectious epidemics of the present time. The deterioration of the situation as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic is especially noticeable among younger age groups of patients and their families. Especially for them, the urgency to create a sustainable, safe and effective national system of addiction prevention, including screening and short interventions (i.e. the hitherto neglected obligations of all healthcare workers resulting from Act No. 65/2017 Coll.) has increased by leaps...
Tubulointerstitial nephritisReview articles
MUDr. Patrik Konopásek
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):367-371 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.070
Tubulointersticial nephritis (TIN) is a frequent cause of acute kidney injury. Establishing the diagnosis is often delayed due to its nonspecific symptoms and results of laboratory methods. Drug-induced TIN is the most frequent form of TIN, followed by systemic diseases, and infections. Spontaneous resolution often occurs without the need for extensive examination or treatment, especially when a thorough medical history is obtained and the medication associated with TIN is discontinued early. However, kidney biopsy, along with extensive examinations, is sometimes necessary to determine the etiology of TIN. Patients with acute TIN who do not show spontaneous...
Probiotics and infant nutrition - part twoReview articles
prof. MUDr. Josef Sýkora, Ph.D., MUDr. Marek Vébr, MUDr. Jiří Bufka, MUDr. Jan Schwarz, Ph.D.
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):362-366 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.069
The most common probiotic strains fortified with infant and toddler formulas in the last decade include Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938, Bifidobacterium breve (BC50), Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12, Lactobacillus fermentum (CECT5716), Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum BB536, Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis ATCC 15697, LMG11588 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG).
The influence of obesity on the onset of puberty and the menstrual cycleReview articles
MUDr. Helena Neumannová
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):357-360 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.068
Obesity is not a new phenomenon, however the obesity epidemic in the last few decades - with further acceleration in the time of Covid 19 - is caused not only by genetic factors, but also by lifestyle and environment (nutrition, physical activity, perinatal programming). Obesity usually leads to insulin resistance, when cells cannot respond sufficiently to the action of insulin, which leads to its overproduction, to hyperinsulinemia. Increased insulin levels stimulate the ovaries to overproduce androgens, and androgens can further worsen insulin resistance and increase blood insulin levels. This creates a vicious circle where hyperinsulinemia and...
Is it necessary to vaccinate us, healthcare workers?Review articles
MUDr. Šárka Rumlarová, Ph.D.
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):352-356 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.067
Healthcare workers are exposed to many infections in the course of their work. At the same time, healthcare workers can be a source of infection for the patients they care for. Vaccination of healthcare workers therefore plays an important role in improving the safety of both patients and healthcare workers. Vaccination against viral hepatitis B or hepatitis A, and in certain circumstances rabies or measles, is mandatory for healthcare workers. In addition, vaccination against influenza, covid-19, pertussis, meningococcal disease and varicella is recommended for healthcare workers.
Jaká pediatrie je nejlepší a co očekává mladý lékař?Editorial
Martin Gregora
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(5):271
Vitamin C as a neuroprotective factor and the consequences of its deficiencyCompany information
MUDr. Pavel Kostiuk, CSc., PharmDr. Lucie Kotlářová, PharmDr. Zdeněk Procházka
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(5):337-342
Vitamin C plays a number of roles in the development and function of the central nervous system. It affects the development of the brain through the epigenetic effect, ensures antioxidant protection of neurons, and its role in the synthesis of collagen is indispensable for the formation of myelin sheaths and brain vessels. It is needed for the synthesis of neuromodulators, transmission of signals in the central nervous system. Long-term vitamin C deficiency can lead to structural changes and functional disorders in the brain. Vitamin C deficiency also plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases, especially depression....
Objective assessment of diaper dermatitisFor nurses
PhDr. Kristina Janoušková, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Vladimir Resl, CSc., Mgr. Kateřina Ratislavová, Ph.D.
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(5):333-336 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.065
Objective: The aim of the study was to verify the reliability of the Scoring System for Diaper Dermatitis scale. Methodology: A quantitative research method using a cross-sectional study was used. The reliability of the evaluation tool Scoring System for Diaper Dermatitis scale was verified by three evaluators. 31 infants and three evaluators participated in the research. Results: The Scoring System for Diaper Dermatitis scale is a simple and quick tool. The agreement of the raters was significant (α = 0.9540). Conclusion: The assessment tool is reliable. However, it is necessary to carry out further investigations and validate the Scoring System...
Acute pericarditis associated with parvovirus infection in a girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemiaClinicoradiological diagnosis
prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Alžběta Palátová, MUDr. Veronika Stará, MUDr. Olena Jurchenko, MUDr. Lenka Bakaj-Brožková, Ph.D.
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(5):329-332 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.064
One week after the end of maintenance treatment, acute parvovirus B19 infection was confirmed by DNA in the blood of an 11-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia Clinical manifestations were two weeks of fever, moist cough, and intermittent chest pain on inspiration. Elevated serum CRP, N-terminal natriuretic peptide, but slightly elevated troponin values were detected. The ECG recording showed strikingly low P-wave, QRS complex and T-wave voltages. Echocardiographic examination confirmed acute myopericarditis with extensive pericardial effusion. The patient's recovery, supported by diuretic therapy and corticosteroids was prompt, with complete...
Surgical management of familial unilateral gynecomastia in a paediatric patientCase report
MUDr. Júlia Bartková, MBA, MPH, MUDr. Diana Ng, MUDr. Naveen Cavale
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(5):326-328 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.063
Familial unilateral breast enlargement in prepubertal boys, in the absence of other signs of puberty, rapid growth, or endocrine disorders, is an uncommon condition. Unilateral gynecomastia can also be indicative of an underlying disease. Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation is essential to rule out all potential pathologies. To ensure optimal care for pediatric patients with unilateral gynecomastia, a multidisciplinary approach is recommended. Collaboration among pediatric endocrinologists and plastic surgeons is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning. We present the case of an eight-year-old male, with familial unilateral...
Retropharyngeal abscess in a 6-year-old boy with nephrogenic diabetes insipidusCase report
doc. MUDr. Miroslava Brndiarová, PhD., MUDr. Vladimír Zoľák, PhD., MUDr. Nikola Halačová, prof. MUDr. Peter Bánovčin, CSc.
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(5):322-324 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.062
Autori v článku prezentujú kazuistiku 6-ročného chlapca s nefrogénnym diabetes insipidus a retrofaryngovým abscesom. Perioperačné obdobie bolo komplikované neadekvátnym perorálnym príjmom a poruchou minerálovej a tekutinovej rovnováhy. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a rare disorder characterized by impaired concentration ability of the kidneys. For these patients, not only the adequate fluid intake is crucial, but also their composition itself. The adequate hydration is especially important in situations with limited oral intake, such as in the case of an operation and preoperative period. In this article, the authors present a case report of a...
Nitrate food poisoning in infantCase report
MUDr. Jana Micherová
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(5):318-320 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.061
We present a case report of severe methemoglobinemia in infant caused by poisoning of nitrates from the beetroot cooked in water from private well. It was manifestated by unconsciousness, tachycardia, grey-bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes. The arteficial ventilation was needed. There was metabolic lactate acidosis, normal counted oxygen saturation in blood gases analysis, but low measured oxygen saturation by pulse oxymeter. Diagnosis of methemoglobinemia was clear after confirmation of hight level of methemoglobin in blood (67 %). The child was treated by methylen blue, which had very prompt effect on clinical condition, the level...
Newborn screening of sborn errors of immunity - SCID screeningAt a glance
MUDr. Markéta Bloomfield, Ph.D., MUDr. Adam Klocperk, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Anna Šedivá, DSc.
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(5):315-316 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.060
In the Czech Republic, a pilot programme for newborn screening of severe iborn errors of immunity, collectively known as SCID screening, took place in 2022-2023. The pilot data demonstrated a high efficiency of the entire methodological and clinical apparatus.
Non-pharmacological therapy of hypertension in childhoodReview articles
doc. MUDr. Mgr. Terezie Šuláková, Ph.D., MUDr. Miroslava Burešová, MUDr. Michael Řepišťák, MUDr. Kristýna Láner, prof. MUDr. Tomáš Seeman, CSc.
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(5):311-314 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.059
Arterial hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Appropriate therapy of the disease should be initiated in children and adolescents as early as possible; mostly at the time of the diagnosis confirmation and the evaluation of the risk factors for hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD). Therapy includes non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Nonpharmacological therapy consists from combined lifestyle interventions (diet, physical activity, body weight changes and behavioral therapy components). The complex of lifestyle interventions can lead to effective reduction in blood...
Childhood apraxia of speechReview articles
Mgr. Barbora Červenková, Ph.D.
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(5):304-310 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.058
This review article on verbal dyspraxia in children presents the current knowledge on the prevalence, classification, symptomatology and comorbidities of this neurodevelopmental disorder. It provides basic information on assessment and treatment. It also highlights the key role of the paediatrician in identifying early symptoms. Based on knowledge of these symptoms, it is then possible to ensure early diagnosis and referral to early therapeutic intervention by a clinical speech and language therapist.
Probiotics and infant nutrition - part oneReview articles
prof. MUDr. Josef Sýkora, Ph.D., MUDr. Marek Vébr, MUDr. Jiří Bufka, MUDr. Jan Schwarz, Ph.D.
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(5):299-302 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.057
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the effectivness of specific probiotics including those added to commercially available baby-milk formula feeding featuring well-designed and carefully conducted randomised controlled clinical trials. They show that probiotics are generally considered safe and affect a wide range of metabolic and immune processes.
Kratom - risk for teensReview articles
RNDr. Tomáš Gucký, Ph.D.
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(5):295-298 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.056
The abuse of herbal drug kratom has widely spread during past few years among the population of young adults. Kratom has a unique pharmacological profile and its alkaloids act predominantly as opioid and α-2 adrenergic agonists. While the risks of acute kratom intoxication are relatively low, the risks of chronic use and drug dependence development are underestimated. The article summarizes basic toxicological and epidemiological data on kratom.
Troponin elevation in childrenReview articles
MUDr. Hana Pudichová, doc. MUDr. Jan Pavlíček Ph.D., MHA, MUDr. Bořek Trávníček, MBA, MUDr. Markéta Nowaková, MBA, MUDr. Miroslava Burešová, MUDr. Jiří Pudich
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(5):286-293 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.055
Troponins T and I are important biomarkers of cardiac damage, the levels of which are currently determined by highly sensitive diagnostic kits. In the adult population, troponin is of central importance in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. In pediatrics, the reasons for troponin testing are different, with acute myocarditis of infectious or non-infectious aetiology being the most common indication. Troponin levels can rule out or to a great degree confirm this disease and correlate with its severity; the levels, however, can not reliably predict late myocardial dysfunction. Still, troponin, along with natriuretic peptides, can be used in the...
Convulsions - diagnosis and treatmentReview articles
MUDr. Jitka Müllerová Dissou, MBA
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(5):282-285 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.054
Seizures are among the acute conditions that we encounter quite often in children. This is a symptom that can have a very diverse etiology. From different points of view, seizures can be divided into epileptic and non-epileptic, into convulsions with temperature and without temperature, into focal and generalized convulsions. A thorough anamnesis, physical examination of the patient, auxiliary examination methods will help us to make the distinction. In pre-hospital and early hospital care, the basic differential diagnosis of a convulsing child should be performed quickly, and adequate symptomatic and supportive treatment should be started in time....
Up-to-date view of the fluids therapy in childrenReview articles
MUDr. Tereza Pomahačová, prof. MUDr. Josef Sýkora, Ph.D., MUDr. Jiří Fremuth, Ph.D.
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(5):276-281 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.053
Although the administration of crystalloid fluids is one of the most frequently used treatment procedures, we often forget that the administration of fluids should be governed by the same rules that apply to the administration of any medicinal product. Fluid administration has its indications and contraindications, the exact dose should be defined and both therapeutic effects and goals, as well as possible adverse effects accompanying fluid administration, should be monitored. Each time a crystalloid fluid is administered, we must think about its composition in the context of the patient's clinical condition, and from this point of view, we should...
Nová vakcína PREVENAR 20 proti pneumokokům pro dětiCompany information
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Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(4):250
Já, my, medicína a umělá inteligenceEditorial
MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(4):195
Collaboration between pediatricians and early childhood intervention: benefiting children with special needs and their familiesInformation
PhDr. Jitka Barlová, Ph.D.
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(4):265-266
A transdisciplinary approach across various professional disciplines enables a better understanding of the complex needs of families of children with special needs and brings them many benefits. Cooperation between pediatricians and early childhood intervention appears to be beneficial. The article briefly introduces the early childhood intervention social service and it focuses on the benefits of cooperation between pediatrics and early childhood intervention, and also mentions an example of good practice.
Self-monitoring in children with type 1 diabetes mellitusFor nurses
Mgr. Petra Kašparová, Bc. Viktorie Kunovjánková
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(4):262-263 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.051
The prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children is increasing and is being diagnosed at an increasingly younger age. One of the very important components of diabetes treatment is self-monitoring, which has undergone a long but effective development, from home measurement of blood glucose values using a personal glucometer to blood glucose sensors. The main goal is to prevent complications, but at the same time to help children lead a fulfilling life without being excluded from the group of their peers.
Positioning as part of newborn careFor nurses
Mgr. Jana Kučová, Ph.D.
Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(4):257-261 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.050
Positioning is a simple nursing intervention aimed at supporting the neurobehavioral and neuromotor stability of the newborn. The goal of positioning is to prevent the child's developmental disability and to support the adjustment of the child's clinical condition to the norm. The choice of a suitable position is always individual with regard to the current clinical condition and the reaction of the child to the chosen position. Nurses' knowledge of the effect of position on the child's health is an important prerequisite for the optimal use of this intervention.