Intertrigo and diaper dermatitis in childrenAt a glance

MUDr. Daniela Humhejová

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):396-400 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.076

Intertrigo (dermatitis intertriginosa, diaper rash) is a common inflammatory skin disease in children, most often occurring in infants in the diaper area (known as diaper dermatitis). The etiology is multifactorial - moisture, friction, microbial colonization, and a compromised skin barrier all play a role. The most common complications are secondary bacterial infections or candidiasis. In terms of differential diagnosis, it is necessary to distinguish serious diseases, such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis, in the folds. Prevention, adequate hygiene, and timely treatment are key.

Guidelines for health support of students at school due to methodology of the Ministry of HealthReview articles

PhDr. Jitka Vařeková, Ph.D., MUDr. Simona Majorová, PhDr. Andrea Mahrová, Ph.D., doc. PhDr. Klára Daďová, Ph.D., PhDr. Kamil Kotlík, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):391-395 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.075

When a child's health condition requires the implementation of health measures during their stay at school or at events and activities organized by schools, this constitutes what is known as health support for students, which is regulated by several legal provisions. According to Act 561/2004, schools are obligated to cooperate with legal representatives to create conditions for students with special health needs. The Communication of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports and the Ministry of Health on ensuring health support in schools and school facilities specifies three categories of health measures: those that pedagogical workers must perform...

The impact of hormonal changes during adolescence on skin manifestations: causes, diagnosis, treatment, and recommendations for practiceReview articles

doc. MUDr. Peter Koliba, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):388-390 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.074

Puberty is a period of significant hormonal changes, which are often accompanied by dermatological problems, especially acne. Androgens increase sebum production and alter the microbiome, which can cause inflammatory changes in the skin. The article discusses the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions, with an emphasis on collaboration between pediatricians, gynecologists, dermatologists, and endocrinologists. Special attention is paid to early diagnosis, individualized therapy, and prevention of complications. Practical recommendations outline steps to reduce risks and optimize care.

Cognitive and behavioral risks of prenatal substance exposure: An interdisciplinary perspective for pediatric careReview articles

Mgr. Aneta Votavová, Mgr. Lenka Šťastná, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):382-386 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.073

Prenatal exposure to psychoactive substances represents a significant risk factor for impaired neurodevelopment, with possible long-term consequences for cognitive functions and behavior. This review article offers an interdisciplinary perspective from the field of addictology on an issue increasingly encountered in pediatric practice. It summarizes current knowledge on the mechanisms of action of specific substances (alcohol, opioids, stimulants, cannabinoids, benzodiazepines) on the developing brain and the associated developmental risks. The text also provides practical guidance for pediatricians: how to systematically obtain prenatal history, which...

Culmination of a quarter-century of converging epidemics in child and adolescent physical and mental health deteriorationReview articles

MUDr. Jakub Figueroa, MUDr. Jiří Podlipný, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):375-379 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.072

Over roughly 25 years, children and adolescents have faced converging adverse trends in mental and physical health. Population-based surveys indicate declining well-being and rising anxiety/depressive symptoms-especially among girls-while objective indicators show increased pediatric emergency visits for suicidality, greater service use for eating disorders, and higher incidence of self-harm. In the Czech Republic, harms related to alcohol and nicotine products persist, alongside rising childhood overweight/obesity. These phenomena share common biological and behavioral pathways-including stress-related hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation...

Spina bifida - open formsReview articles

MUDr. Tomáš Radovnický, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Martin Sameš, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):370-374 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.071

Open forms of spinal dysraphism, primarily myelomeningocele and the rarer myelocele, represent some of the most serious congenital defects of the spine and spinal cord. They arise from disturbances of primary neurulation and clinically manifest with severe neurological impairments. They are typically associated with Chiari malformation type II and the development of hydrocephalus, both of which significantly affect long-term prognosis. Early diagnosis and urgent surgical repair play a crucial role in reducing the risk of infectious complications and enabling subsequent multidisciplinary care. Prenatal surgery has demonstrated significant improvement...

Urological problems in adolescent boys in the general pediatrician's officeReview articles

MUDr. Marcel Drlík, FEAPU

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):364-368 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.070

The most common urological complaints that bring adolescent boys to their general pediatrician are a newly detected scrotal mass, scrotal pain, and a non-retractable foreskin. In contrast to younger school-aged children, lower urinary tract dysfunctions - mani­festing as daytime or nighttime urinary incontinence, urgency, or recurrent urinary tract infections are rare at this age. Recurrent urinary tract infections predominantly affect girls, while they are much less common in boys. Pediatricians also care for boys with chronic urological conditions who are simultaneously followed by a urologist responsible for their specialized management. The aim...

Let's not underestimate breath-holding spellsReview articles

MUDr. Jakub Malý, MUDr. Miroslav Mamiňák, doc. MUDr. Jan David, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):359-362 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.069

The breath-holding spell is defined as an age-dependent, sudden-onset, involuntary, non-epileptic event. While it may initially appear life-threatening, breath-holding spell is a benign condition with a favourable prognosis. Nevertheless, in certain clinical scenarios, it can mimic symptoms of serious medical conditions and thus presents a differential diagnostic challenge. This article outlines the etiopathogenesis and diagnostic approach in a paediatric patient with suspected breath-holding spell, with a focus on published case reports involving more severe underlying etiologies.

Treatment of epilepsy in childrenReview articles

MUDr. Eva Babka Štěpánová, Ph.D., MUDr. Vilém Novák, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):351-357 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.068

Childhood epilepsies represent a highly heterogeneous group of disorders differing in etiology, clinical presentation, and prognosis. Accurate and timely diagnosis is essential for successful therapy and for improving the quality of life of both the patient and the family. Standard treatment consists of antiseizure drugs, the choice of which depends on the type of seizures or the specific syndrome. Approximately 30 % of pediatric patients develop pharmacoresistance, which necessitates the use of novel anticonvulsants and alternative approaches. These include epilepsy surgery, neurostimulation methods (e. g., vagus nerve stimulation), the ketogenic...

Dětský pacient vyhrožující násilímEditorial

PhDr. Simona Hoskovcová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(6):347

The need for engagement of pediatricians in the prevention of cyberbullying among children and youthReview articles#E-version

doc. PaedDr. Renáta Orosová, PhD., PaedDr. Michal Novocký, PhD., Mgr. Zuzana Vagaská, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(5):E1-E5 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.055

The article primarily deals with the issue of cyberbullying among primary and secon­dary school students in the Slovak Republic. It brings together official statistical analyses, current research findings and expert insights (from abroad as well) on the contribution of pediatricians to the identification of cyberbullying and its resolution. Due to the insufficient number of professional employees in schools, it is worth considering inviting them to bullying prevention activities (especially towards its modern and more dangerous form implemented in the online environment). At the end of the article, we present suggestions on how pediatricians could...

Když přijde nutnost sdělit špatnou zprávu dětem…Editorial

PhDr. Eva Labusová

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(5):275

What the post-COVID period has brought in the field of influenza-like ilnessesCompany information

MUDr. Pavel Kostiuk, CSc., PharmDr. Lucie Kotlářová, PharmDr. Zdeněk Procházka

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(5):337-341

Research and clinical experience increasingly clearly show that significant consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection include significant long-term dysregulation of the immune system. The pathophysiological mechanisms of this disorder, which is part of the post-COVID syndrome, include, for example, persistent inflammatory activation, functional exhaustion of T lymphocytes, impaired memory of B lymphocytes and antibody responses, the formation of autoantibodies, and reactivation of latent herpes viruses (especially EBV). Immune disorders have also been described in patients with initially mild or home-managed course of COVID-19. A significant consequence...

Overweight and obesity in children with Down syndrome: health complications and intervention strategiesFor nurses

Mgr. Jana Chromá, Ph.D., Bc. Lucie Kabátová, DiS., Mgr. Kateřina Greplová, PhDr. Bohdana Dušová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(5):331-335 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.066

Overweight and obesity represent a serious health issue in children with Down syndrome, negatively affecting cardiometabolic health, sleep quality, and motor functions. The aim of this review article is to analyze and synthesize current knowledge regarding the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children with Down syndrome, with a focus on identifying associated health complications. Furthermore, the article evaluates available intervention strategies that may contribute to improving health outcomes and preventing obesity in this specific population. Based on an analysis of literature from the past ten years, key risk areas have been identified,...

Periorbital dermoid cyst in a two-year-old girlClinicoradiological diagnosis

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Marta Karhanová, Ph.D., FEBO, MUDr. Linda Vavříková, MUDr. Tomáš Tichý, MUDr. Lenka Bakaj-Zbrožková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(5):327-329 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.065

Dermoid cysts are embryological derivatives of soft tissues. They develop as a result of ectodermal inclusion into the mesoderm during the early stages of embryonic development. These are slow-growing lesions that most commonly occur in childhood. Sonography is the first-line imaging modality. Definitive diagnosis is established through histopathological examination. Surgical removal via an open approach, without rupture of the cyst wall, is considered the gold standard of treatment. We present the case of a 2-year-old girl with a periorbital dermoid cyst, showing progressive growth. The cyst was completely excised under general anesthesia and histologically...

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 - case report of a child with multiple organ involvementCase report

MUDr. Eva Matloch, MUDr. Mikuláš Struminský, MUDr. Štěpán Rucki, CSc., doc. MUDr. Terezie Šuláková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(5):321-326 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.064

We present a case report of a three-year-old boy diagnosed with a rare autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1). The child was hospitalized for episodes of collapse, neurological symptoms, and significant laboratory abnormalities (severe hyponatremia, hypocalcemia), which led to an extended differential diagnostic process. Subsequently, hypoparathyroidism, autoimmune hepatitis, and Addison's disease were confirmed. A pathogenic variant in the AIRE gene was identified by genetic testing. The clinical course was further complicated by hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis and hypertension. This case highlights the importance of including cortisol...

Deep vein thrombosis as a complication after conservative treatment of clavicular fracture - two case reportsCase report

MUDr. Ondřej Teslík, MUDr. Jan Škvařil, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(5):318-320 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.063

Clavicle fracture is a common injury in pediatric traumatology and is usually treated conservatively. The complication of deep vein thrombosis is very rare in this context. In the article, we present two case reports of girls with uncomplicated clavicle fracture who developed deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremity during conservative treatment. In both cases, the diagnosis was made using duplex sonography and treatment was initiated with low-molecular-weight heparin. The article draws attention to the need to consider this serious rare complication, especially in the event of swelling and pain in the upper extremity during conservative treatment.

Psychodermatology in paediatrics and adolescenceReview articles

MUDr. Barbara Ivanková, MBA, doc. MUDr. Janette Baloghová, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(5):309-314 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.062

Psychodermatology is a rapidly developing discipline, encompassing disorders predominantly at the interface of dermatology, psychology and psychiatry. The period of childhood and adolescence brings its own specificities; the parent also enters into a very close cooperation. Psychological stress has been reported to disrupt the homeostasis of the epidermal permeability barrier and may act as a precipitant for some inflammatory disorders. Children, given their age and emotional maturity, may experience stress due to changes in school, conflicting family environments, life events, or pressure to meet expectations. Chronic somatic illness can also be stressful,...

The risky impact of the Internet on the development of eating disorders in children and adolescentsReview articles

prof. PhDr. Ingrid Emmerová, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(5):306-308 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.061

The article deals with the issue of eating disorders in children and adolescents. Eating disorders are multifactorial and the author focuses on the risk factors of the Internet in their development. It highlights the necessity of effective prevention of eating disorders. Special attention is paid to the role of paediatricians in this area and their potential in prevention.

Plant-based diets for children - practical guidance for doctorsReview articles

MUDr. Martin Světnička, Ph.D., Mgr. Marina Jeřábková, MUDr. Eliška Selinger

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(5):301-304 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.060

Plant-based diets, such as vegetarianism and veganism, are enjoying growing popu­larity and are increasingly common among children and adolescents. However, an improperly balanced diet that completely lacks animal products can lead to nutritional deficiencies. The most common risks include insufficient energy intake, as well as deficiencies in vitamin B12, iodine, vitamin D, calcium, iron, and essential fatty acids. Based on current knowledge, however, these risks can be identified in time and minimized with a pro­perly balanced plant-based diet and regular supplementation of at-risk micronutrients.

Sports and physical activities in children - a paediatric cardiologist viewReview articles

doc. MUDr. Peter Kubuš, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(5):296-300 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.059

This article is an overview - from a paediatric cardiologist perspective, of the role of physical activities and exercise in children in preventing the development of cardiovascular diseases and further on issues related to children engaged in regular training or competition, with a special interest on the pre-participation screening of young athletes, sudden cardiac death and the most frequent cardiovascular diseases.

Management of recurrent bronchospasm in preschool children in pediatric practice: Recommendations for clinical practiceReview articles

MUDr. Peter Kunč, PhD., MUDr. Jaroslav Fábry, PhD., prof. MUDr. Renata Péčová, PhD., MPH

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(5):290-294 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.058

Recurrent episodes of wheezing in preschool children represent a common clinical problem encountered by pediatricians in primary care. It is a heterogeneous group of conditions with varying etiology, pathogenesis, and prognosis. Proper diagnosis and management are crucial for reducing morbidity and improving the quality of life for children and their families, especially in the context of limited access to specialized care. This review article summarizes current knowledge on the classification, diagnosis, and treatment of recurrent bronchospasm in children up to 5 years of age, drawing also from the methodology and recommendations developed by a multidisciplinary...

Viral hepatitis with emphasis on hepatitis A in the paediatric populationReview articles

prof. RNDr. Vanda Boštíková, Ph.D., Ing. Hana Střítecká, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(5):284-288 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.057  

Viral hepatitis in children represents a heterogeneous group of diseases caused by different hepatotropic viruses, which differ in the mode of transmission, clinical picture, as well as the risk of possible transition to the chronic stage. Hepatitis A is a very serious public health problem, particularly in the paediatric population. Although this infection does not cause chronic liver disease, it is associated with significant morbidity. In general, the severity of the disease is inversely proportional to the age of the child. In rare cases, fulminant hepatitis may occur and is associated with high mortality. Universal vaccination of children is the...

Disorders of consciousness in childrenReview articles

MUDr. Michaela Šibíková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(5):279-283 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.056

Disorders of consciousness in children are serious and potentially life-threatening conditions that require immediate diagnosis and treatment. Early and systematic response is crucial to minimize permanent neurological damage. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the approach to children with disorders of consciousness in acute practice, based on the latest recommendations and evidence-based medicine.

Wellbeing: když slovo musí být naplněno činem Editorial

PhDr. Tereza Kimplová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):199  

Some functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in infants and their managementInformation

doc. MUDr. Milan Kuchta, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):265-270  

Introduction: The postnatal adaptation of a child to extrauterine life is a very complex process and occurs with different sequences and different "speeds". From this point of view, the manifestations of adaptation of the digestive tract may not always be correctly understood and interpreted and may have varied symptoms. Several symptoms may not be "pathological" manifestations but adaptation manifestations. These manifestations are usually transient and do not seriously threaten the child. Examples include infant grumbling or infant colic. Context: It is necessary to realize that many functional disorders of the digestive tract result from the gradual...

Často nemocné dítě - možnosti imunomodulaceHeard at a congress

MUDr. David Salát

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):261-264  

Health and safety risks associated with the use of virtual reality when a nurse works with a pediatric patientFor nurses

PhDr. Ľubomíra Lizáková, PhD., MPH, Mgr. Ing. Alena Lochmannová, PhD., MBA, PhDr. Dagmar Magurová, PhD., MPH, Inge Tency RM, MSc, PhD., prof. Dr. André Posenau, PhDr. Valéria Horanská, PhD., MPH

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):257-260 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.051  

Introduction: Virtual reality (VR) is an interactive computer system that creates sensory experiences by creating illusions of reality. However, there are some risks and important limitations to consider when using VR with children, including the child’s age, nausea, cybersickness, excessive eye strain, various mental health risks, and safety risks.  Objective: The aim of the article is to increase awareness, knowledge, competence, and skills in VR among nursing students and nurses and educators, to ensure the acceptance and use of VR in clinical practice, and to integrate digital competence into nursing education.  Conclusion: When using VR...

Streptococcus agalactiae as a cause of soft tissue phlegmon of the ankle in a newborn secondary to the Guthrie testClinicoradiological diagnosis

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Lenka Bakaj-Zbrožková, Ph.D., MUDr. Kamila Michálková, Mgr. Pavla Kučová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):253-256 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.050  

Heel-prick blood sampling in newborns is a common method used to collect capillary blood in neonatal departments. This seemingly harmless procedure can sometimes lead to inflammation of the soft tissues of the skin (cellulitis), heel osteomyelitis, or bacteremia. Calcaneal cellulitis in newborns is a rare and unusual infection. The authors present a 16-day-old newborn who developed soft tissue cellulitis of the right ankle and heel, with a healed incision, following a capillary blood collection (Guthrie test). The causative agent of the infection was Streptococcus agalactiae type III, which was detected in the infant's blood culture. Timely and targeted...

Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum after dental procedureCase report

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Doležel, CSc., MUDr. Dana Dostálková, MUDr. Tamara Pavlíková, MUDr. Marie Slunská

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):250-252 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.049  

Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum are rare, but well-known complications of dental procedures. Classically, subcutaneous emphysema occurs within minutes to hours after conclusion of dental procedures especially following intraoral surgical procedures. This emphysema is commonly misdiagnosed as either an allergic reaction or acute post-operative swelling. This case report describes a female toddler who underwent routine dental procedure with use of pharmacologic sedation. She subsequently developed subcutaneous emphysema and pneuomediastinum probably as connection between paradoxical drug reaction and repeated Valsalva maneuver.