How an infection revealed a congenital diseaseCase report

MUDr. Petr Birke, MUDr. Barbora Ludíková, Ph.D., MUDr. Lenka Bakaj Zbrožková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):246-248 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.048  

Parvovirus B19 not only causes erythema infectiosum, it can also cause myocarditis, arthralgias and/or arthritis, and can cause hydrops fetalis, pure red blood cell aplasia in immunocompromised individuals, and finally transient aplastic crisis in patients with congenital hemolytic anemias. We present the case of a boy who was diagnosed with hereditary spherocytosis at the age of six due to parvovirus B19 infection.

"Leg-Gut-and-Liver disease": leg pain as an unusual indicator of ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitisCase report

MUDr. David Klepárník, MUDr. Mária Véghová-Velgáňová, MUDr. Lenka Rašková, doc. MUDr. Jana Volejníková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):242-245 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.047  

A 13-year-old previously healthy male was admitted for pressure and cramping pain of the lower limbs, unresponsive to common analgesics. The episode of pain followed a respiratory infection with cough and fever; there were no other concurrent symptoms. Laboratory tests showed no evidence of myositis but, surprisingly, a significant elevation of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), only mild elevations in transaminases, conjugated bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). After excluding hepatotropic infections, he was transferred to a tertiary care hospital, where he was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) and primary sclerosing...

Phimosis in childrenAt a glance

doc. MUDr. Oldřich Šmakal, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):238-240  

Phimosis, a condition in which the foreskin is too tight to be retracted over the glans, is a frequent reason for a child's visit to the doctor. Its treatment depends on the correct diagnosis and patient complaints. In primary, or congenital phimosis, the approach is as conservative as possible; in acquired, or secondary, phimosis, most cases require a circumcision to be performed. The mainstay of conservative treatment is proper care of the boy's penis allowing a spontaneous development of the foreskin that can be promoted by local administration of a corticoid ointment. When circumcision is indicated, its extent will be determined by the intraoperative...

Misuse of artificial intelligence tools to generate child pornographyReview articles

prof. Mgr. Kamil Kopecký, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):234-237 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.046  

The article explores the misuse of artificial intelligence (AI) to generate pornographic images, including child pornography, through so-called deep nudes - applications that create realistic nude images from photographs without the consent of indivi­duals. This phenomenon has serious psychological and social impacts on victims, especially children, who can become targets of cyberbullying, blackmail and other forms of abuse. Research shows an increasing prevalence of this phenomenon among young people and celebrities. The article highlights the need for stricter regulation, prevention and research to ensure victim protection and an effective legal response.

Excipients of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products as possible causes of contact eczemaReview articles

doc. MUDr. Eliška Dastychová, CSc., MUDr. Miroslav Nečas, Ph.D., MUDr. Gabriela Behrami

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):230-233 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.045  

Contact sensitization to excipients of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products is most often encountered in chronic eczema sufferers. In the pediatric population, especially in patients with atopic eczema. Sensitization can be caused by preservatives, emulsifiers and antioxidants. Preservatives include: parabens, formaldehyde-releasing preservatives (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, imidazolidinyl urea, diazolidinyl urea, DMDM-hydantoin, Quaternium 15) Kathon CG (chemically a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolinone and 2 methyl-4-isothiazolinone in a ratio of 3:1), benzalkonium chloride, phenoxyethanol, chloroacetamide, p-chloro-m-cresol, sorbic...

The use of artificial intelligence in the environment of the paediatric radiology departmentReview articles

MUDr. Ivana Červinková, Ph.D., MHM

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):226-229 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.044  

Artificial intelligence is penetrating many segments of our society and also into healthcare. Radiology, due to the digital form of image data, is a great environment for artificial intelligence that sees the world in numerical form. Artificial intelligence can be used not only for practically the entire period from the patient's arrival to the hospital to the issuance of the radiological report, but also for subsequent monitoring. It has the potential to significantly improve the quality of examinations, increase efficiency and reduce the time needed to achieve correct diagnostic and subsequently treatment decisions, as well as leading to a reduction...

Allergic rhinitis in childrenReview articles

MUDr. Barbora Koubková

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):222-225 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.043  

Allergic rhinitis is the most common non-infectious rhinitis with a prevalence od 10-20% of the population in the developed countries. In the pediatric population it mainly concerns children older than 5 years, but in recent years the first symptoms appear already in toddler- and preschool-age. Inadequate therapy of allergic rhinitis can lead to the progression of asthma and skin atopic manifestations in pediatric patients. These aspects, together with the decrease of the child's quality of life, are the main reasons for consistent diagnosis and therapy of allergic rhinitis based on the recommendations of the ARIA 2019 iniciative.

Overview of current non-pharmacological support options for children with ADHD and their families in the Czech RepublicReview articles

PhDr. Mgr. Petra Dvořáčková, PhDr. Ivana Jůzová, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Petr Kachlík, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):216-220 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.042  

This article outlines current non-pharmacological support options for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their families in the Czech Republic, to which general practitioners can refer them if needed. It presents comprehensive development programs for attention training, cognitive behavioral therapy, neurofeedback, and support options within the school environment. Attention is also given to self-education and self-help opportunities for parents or legal guardians, which can provide substantial support in managing the everyday challenges daily challenges that families of children with ADHD often face.

Mucociliary clearance in the context of respiratory disease treatment: effects of commonly used medicationsReview articles

MUDr. Patrícia Čelková, MUDr. Pavol Dvoran, PhD., prof. MUDr. Peter Bánovčin, CSc., prof. MUDr. Miloš Jeseňák, PhD., MBA, Dott.Ric., MHA

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):212-215 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.041  

Mucociliary clearance is an essential airway defence mechanism that plays a key role in the removal of mucus and pollutants from the respiratory tract. Its function can be affected by a wide range of drugs, including those commonly used in the treatment of respiratory diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on their effects on airway cilia activity and efficiency of mucociliary transport, taking into account the differences between drug groups and routes of administration. The aim is to highlight the relevance of these effects for clinical practice and to aid the correct choice of treatment in patients with airway diseases.

DacryocystoceleReview articles

MUDr. Lucia Lendacká, MUDr. Vladimír Mišuth, MUDr. Ondřej Vláčil

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):209-211 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.040  

Dacryocystocele (synonyms: dacryocele, amniocele, amniotocele, lacrimal sac mucocele) is a rare anomaly of the nasolacrimal system in newborns. It is characterized by cystic distension of the lacrimal sac due to simultaneous obstruction at both the proxi­mal end of the lacrimal duct (Rosenmüller's valve) and the distal end of the lacrimal duct (Hasner's valve) (1). Recognition and management of congenital dacryocystocele is essential to prevent complications such as dacryocystitis, respiratory distress, and visual impairment. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of congenital dacryocystocele and its management.

Airway management in paediatric patientsReview articles

MUDr. Eva Klabusayová, Ph.D., MUDr. Tereza Bönischová, MUDr. Hana Harazim, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Petr Štourač, Ph.D., MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):203-208 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.039  

Airway management is a fundamental skill that should be mastered by every physician that may encounter critically ill child. Key procedures include airway opening, proper head positioning, and effective ventilation using a face mask and self-inflating bag with two providers. Depending on the clinical situation, a wide range of airway devices can be used, from supraglottic tools (e. g., laryngeal mask) to infraglottic tools (e. g., tracheal intubation). These techniques have specific considerations in paediatric patients, and their use should always be carefully evaluated with regard to patient safety as the top priority.

Dítě jako zranitelný pacient v urgentní péčiEditorial

MUDr. et Mgr. Jana Šeblová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(3):147  

The importance of lactation consultant support in breastfeedingFor nurses

Mgr. Adéla Švestková, prof. PhDr. Ľudmila Matulníková, PhD., Mgr. Lenka Vrlová, DiS.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(3):192-194 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.037  

Breastfeeding plays a crucial role in the early development of a child and their overall health. Breast milk is rich in nutrients and antibodies that help strengthen the immune system and reduce the risk of various diseases. Lactation consultants play a vital role in supporting mothers in breastfeeding, with two main categories: professional and non-professional. Professional consultants are healthcare workers who provide comprehensive care and expert advice, while non-professional consultants offer emotional support and practical tips. This article analyzes data collected during a six-month study in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, comparing the advice...

A rare cause of extreme hypotrophy in newbornsCase report

MUDr. Marie Kasíková, MUDr. Alice Mocková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(3):188-191 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.036  

We present a case report of a severely immature newborn with a rare cause of extreme hypotrophy. The girl was diagnosed with the so-called nephrocutaneous syndrome, caused by a mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. Along with hypotrophy, dominate inflammatory skin lesions, susceptibility to infections, ionic imbalance and enlarged kidneys.

Preschool children successfully treated with dupilumabCase report

MUDr. Michaela Nováková

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(3):183-187  

Atopic dermatitis (AD) occurs in early childhood in most children, with 80% developing it before the age of 6 years. It is the early childhood experience that significantly affects further psychosocial development. Preschool children learn social skills that involve getting to know peers, communication, listening, and cooperation. Visible manifestations of AD tend to cause stigmatization. They can lead to shyness, low self-esteem, avoidance, and the development of mental disorders. Therefore, adequate and timely treatment is important in children with a severe form of AD, which improves not only the condition of their skin and their mental well-being,...

Stevens-Johnson syndrome as a rare complication of mycoplasma infectionCase report

MUDr. Anna Ruttkay-Nedecká, MUDr. David Frejlach, MUDr. Petra Gkalpakioti, doc. MUDr. Jan David, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(3):179-182 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.035  

Mycoplasma infections can cause a range of extrapulmonary complications, including skin reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome. The exact mechanism is not fully understood, but it is believed to be an immune response to the infection, which leads to tissue damage and triggers immune reactions that manifest as severe skin and mucosal involvement. In such cases, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial. The presented case report describes a boy with a respiratory infection caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which later complicated with the loss of skin coverage.

Phytophotodermatitis as an unexpected danger: How to protect yourself and what to do?Review articles

MUDr. Júlia Bartková, MBA, MPH, Sandra Harásková, Lucie Burešová, MUDr. Dominika Miklišová

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(3):176-178 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.034  

Phytophotodermatitis, although not very common, presents a significant health risk, especially in pediatric patients. This article focuses on the phototoxic properties of plants that can cause severe phytophotodermatitis after contact with the skin follo­wed by exposure to UV radiation. The most prominent representative of this group of plants is Giant Hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum). Typical clinical manifestations of phytophotodermatitis include erythema, blisters, bullae, and persistent hyperpigmentation. The condition can manifest with varying severity, ranging from erythema to necrotizing defects. It is important to consider the possibility...

Vaccinating children when travelling to countries at riskReview articles

MUDr. Pavel Kosina, Ph.D., MUDr. Šárka Rumlarová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(3):172-175 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.033  

More and more families are traveling to exotic countries, even with children of the youngest age categories. Vaccination consultation before traveling to high-risk countries may include a meeting with a pediatrician; for long-term and/or exotic stays, we recommend a consultation at a specialized travel medicine center, where the issue of the need for antimalarial prophylaxis, etc. can also be resolved. It is always necessary to verify the mandatory vaccinations that have been completed so far and, in case of absence, to supplement the missing basic vaccinations. It is appropriate for infants to make maximum use of voluntary, fully paid vaccinations...

Staphylococcus aureus as a pathogen in neonatal infectionsReview articles

MUDr. Veronika Pokorná, MUDr. Lenka Ryšková, Ph.D., MUDr. Tomáš Matějek, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(3):166-170 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.032  

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a significant pathogen responsible for both community-acquired and nosocomial infections in neonates. It contributes to a high incidence of invasive infections, especially in intensive care units. Colonization of the skin and mucous membranes by this agent is a major risk factor, increasing the likelihood of developing an infection up to sixfold. The pathogen causes a wide range of diseases, from localized skin infections to severe systemic conditions (e.g., sepsis, osteomyelitis, meningitis). The clinical presentation depends on the specific type of infection, and in systemic cases, it may initially be nonspecific...

Doxycycline - a needless concern for pediatricians?Review articles

MUDr. Miroslav Belbl

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(3):163-165 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.031  

Doxycycline is an antibiotic associated with adverse effects for which it is used with caution, especially in the pediatric population. As has become apparent in recent years, due to the increasing number of cases of pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, including those with a severe course, it has been and increasingly needs to be considered for therapy in the pediatric population. The increasing resistance of these bacteria to macrolide antibiotics may be a major reason. Fortunately, according to new studies, the new generation of tetracycline antibiotics no longer pose such a risk of tooth and bone damage compared with tetracycline alone. The...

Screening for eye defects in a paediatrician's outpatient clinicReview articles

MUDr. Jitka Němcová

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(3):160-162 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.030  

This review article focuses on the importance and methodology of eye defect scree­ning in a paediatrician's outpatient clinic. The development of vision takes place in the first years of life, so screening for eye defects is an essential element of preventive care in children at an early age.

Current approach to non-traumatic chest pain in childrenReview articles

MUDr. Karel Severa

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(3):155-158 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.029  

Nowadays, we are facing an uprising number of pediatric patients that are coming to pediatric ambulances and hospital admissions, complaining about chest pain. Accor­ding to the recent data, vast majority of these cases is not caused by a serious medical condition. However, due to the generally well-known fact that chest pain might be caused by a serious medical problem, all patients should be properly managed and eventually examined. As the availibility of examination methodes improves, it becomes a challenge for the medical professionals to choose the proper diagnostic algorhytm.

Swelling of the joint in childrenReview articles

MUDr. Hana Vaňková, MUDr. Jiří Bufka, MUDr. Dita Cebecauerová, Ph.D., MUDr. Hana Malcová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(3):150-154 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.028  

Joint pain and swelling is a relatively common symptom that brings children to seek medical attention. By taking a full medical history and performing a detailed clinical examination, it is often possible to differentiate quickly and effectively among a wide range of potential causes. In cases where the diagnosis is not immediately clear, it is important to proceed systematically, starting with basic laboratory and imaging tests and progressing to more specific genetic or metabolic investigations if necessary. To make an accurate diagnosis, it is essential to first determine whether the symptoms are limited to a single joint or involve multiple joints....

Svět kolem nás se měníEditorial

MUDr. Jan Hálek, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(2):79  

Quality of life of adolescents with short bowel syndrome on parenteral nutrition with a broviac catheterFor nurses

Mgr. Lenka Urbášková, Mgr. Daniela Bartoníčková, Mgr. Jana Chromá, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(2):138-142 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.027  

The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of life of adolescents (aged 13-18) with a Broviac catheter, used for parenteral nutrition in the context of short bowel syndrome. The research was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic through online semi-structured interviews with seven participants. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis and categorized into five domains: physical area, psychological area, interpersonal relationships, daily life, and environment. The results revealed a negative impact of the Broviac catheter and parenteral nutrition on quality of life, particularly in the areas of mobility, education, social...

Clinical, imaging and histological characteristics of cervical lateral cysts in childrenClinicoradiological diagnosis

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Lenka Bakaj-Brožková, Ph.D., MUDr. Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(2):134-137 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.026  

Lateral neck masses often present a diagnostic challenge in pediatric practice. The aim of our presentation is to highlight the clinical, imaging, and histological characteristics of the most common causes of neck swelling in childhood, with the goal of enabling a comparative evaluation of their entities and facilitating the most accurate possible preoperative diagnosis. The authors present the diagnostic work-up of a 16-year-old boy with a one-month history of swelling on the left side of the neck in the submandibular region, measuring 4 × 3 cm. Based on palpation findings, the location on the left side of the neck in the submandibular area, and supported...

Pitfalls in the treatment of anorexia nervosa in an adolescent patient in the outpatient clinic and in the acute ward of child psychiatryCase report

MUDr. Monika Svatošová

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(2):130-133 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.025  

In recent times, we have seen an increase in the need for child psychiatric care, which is in short supply and therefore much of the care for child psychiatric patients falls to paediatricians and GPs. Nowadays, patients with eating disorder form a significant number of child psychiatric patients and their treatment and care is usually long-term, difficult and often relapsing. The task of this case report is to clarify the care of eating disorder in the child psychiatric outpatient clinic and in the psychiatric ward for children.

Late presentation of right sided diaphragmatic herniaCase report

MUDr. Michaela Chino, MUDr. Hana Záhorová, MUDr. Tomáš Polanský

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(2):126-129 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.024  

A case report of a premature newborn with an acute sudden shortness of breath, hypoxia and abnormal breath sounds over a right lung is presented. On a first X-ray image of a pneumonia was rather considered even though the X-ray image was not completely typical. The next day a review X-ray has showed a sign of a Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Bochdalek hernia. CDH is a rare defect of a diaphragm with high morbidity and mortality despite the advances in medicine. There are several etiological theories mainly based on a developemental disruption of a diaphragm, but also a lung. A compression of a lung is caused by herniation of abdominal viscera...

A complicated way to an unexpected diagnosisCase report

MUDr. Markéta Ručková, MUDr. Petra Matalová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(2):122-125 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.023  

A 4-year-old boy with a previously unremarkable medical history was admitted for cervical lymphadenopathy and fever. From the 3^rd day of hospitalization a small-papu­lous exanthema and abdominal pain for which laparoscopic revision was necessary, phlegmonous appendicitis was found, and appendectomy was performed. Antibiotic treatment was repeatedly changed for suspected toxoallergic exanthema. Despite broad-spectrum antibiotics, inflammatory markers, transaminases continued to rise, lymphadenopathy did not significantly regress, exanthema, febrile persisted, conjunctivitis, chapped lips, arthralgia appeared. Differential diagnostic consideration...

Nasal hygiene in the youngest childrenAt a glance

MUDr. Michaela Máchalová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(2):119-120 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.022  

Care of the nasal mucosa in infants, toddlers, and preschool children is an integral part of treatment both during acute inflammation and in full health. In local therapy, we use decongestant preparations as well as saline solutions.