Missed nursing care in children's inpatient workplaces in the Czech RepublicFor nurses

Mgr. Daniela Bartoníčková, Ph.D., Mgr. Dominika Kohanová, Mgr. Martina Marková

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(6):424-427 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.102  

Missed nursing care in children's inpatient units is currently receiving increasing attention. Pediatric patients are much more sensitive to the negative consequences of hospitalization. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Czech Republic using the MISSCARE Survey-Ped, which was developed to assess missed care in pediatric standard departments. The study population consisted of 216 pediatric nurses from five health care institutions. Up to 92,1% of pediatric nurses missed at least one nursing activity during their last shift. On average, nurses did not perform 12,1 nursing activities. The most common missed nursing activities were...

Intramuscular arteriovenous malformation of the left pectoralis major muscleClinicoradiological diagnosis

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Bohumil Zálešák, Ph.D., MUDr. Tomáš Tichý, MUDr. Lenka Bakaj-Zbrožková, Ph.D., MUDr. Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(6):420-423 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.101  

We present a primary intramuscular arteriovenous malformation of the left pectoralis major muscle in a 7-year-old boy. Elastic resistance characteristics on MRI, specifically increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images and marked contrast enhancement with gadolinium, were suggestive of increased vascularity. Histologically, the mass was determined to be an intramuscular vascular malformation of the arteriovenous small vessel subtype. The patient underwent complete microsurgical resection. This is one of the few intramuscular vascular malformations in children.

The effect of diastasis recti abdominis on the biomechanic parameters of the lower limb in children of younger school ageCase report

Mgr. Martina Minksová, Ing. Bc. Lucie Honzíková, Ph.D., prof. RNDr. Miroslav Janura, Dr., Mgr. Taťána Funioková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(6):416-419 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.100  

The aim of the study was to determine whether the occurrence of diastasis recti abdominis can affect the position of the lower limbs and the load on the foot when walking in children of younger school age. The research group consisted of 16 children of younger school age who were classified into two groups according to the spacing of the abdominal muscles: with abdominal diastasis (age 8,0 ± 0,8 years; height 134,6 ± 5,2 cm; weight 35,8 ± 8,2 kg; abdominal muscle spacing 2,5 ± 0,8 cm) and without abdominal diastasis (age 7,9 ± 0,6 years; height 130,3 ± 5,5 cm; weight 29,0 ± 5,0 kg; abdominal muscle spacing 0,9 ±...

Juvenile spondyloarthritis/sacroiliitis (previously known as Bechterev´s disease) with focus on early diagnostics and therapy - case reports and summary for clinical practiceCase report

doc. MUDr. Kateřina Bouchalová, Ph.D., MUDr. Lenka Frydrychová, MUDr. Veronika Moškořová, MUDr. Zuzana Pytelová, MUDr. Jakub Čivrný

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(6):411-415 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.099  

An article is focused on juvenile spondyloarthritis (JSpA) (previously Bechterev´s disease) in childhood. The disease is included in enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) subgroup of JIA based on currently used classification. Differential diagnostics with stress on early diagnosis and therapy is described. It is also reviewed how general practitioners might contribute. Case reports of children with spondyloarthritis as a main symptom of ERA are presented. A back pain might be the first, and only symptom of ERA. In some patients peripheral arthritis or enthesitis are found. A proportion of patients suffers from uveitis. Here described patients reached...

A rare case of tularemia in a small childCase report

MUDr. Lenka Kukrálová, doc. MUDr. Dalibor Sedláček, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(6):407-410 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.098  

Tularemia is an infectious disease caused by the tiny gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis. It belongs to zoonotic infections and in the past there have been several significant epidemics in our conditions. Diagnosis is often difficult mainly due to poorer availability of direct methods. Serological examination is usually unprofitable in the first stages of the disease. The basis for correct diagnosis is a carefully collected epidemiological anamnesis. We recognize several clinical forms, while the pulmonary form may be potentialy misused as a biological weapon.

Etiology of urticaria in paediatricsReview articles

MUDr. Jiří Bufka, MUDr. Jan Schwarz, MUDr. Lenka Vaňková, prof. MUDr. Josef Sýkora, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(6):403-406 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.097  

Urticaria is widely considered disease with typical skin reaction. Although the clinical diagnosis of urticaria is relatively straightforward, in more than 20% of the population it is necessary to exclude more serious causes as part of the differential diagnosis. Etiology of urticaria is mentioned in the article with regard to its pathophysiological background.

Diagnostic significance of postnatal interleukin-6 dynamics in preterm neonatesReview articles

MUDr. Anna Baštan, MUDr. Jan Hálek, Ph.D., RNDr. Tomáš Fürst, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(6):398-402 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.096  

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare interleukin-6 values in umbilical cord and peripheral blood of newborns. The clinical goal was to determine whether the examination of cord blood can replace early postnatal peripheral blood collection. Patients and methods: Study included premature newborns (< 35^th week of gestation) born in 2016-2018 at Olomouc University Hospital. At the same time, it was possible to collect a sufficient amount of blood from the umbilical cord in these newborns. Results: Paired sampling was successful in 73 of these newborns. A significant difference (p < 0,001) was found between the umbilical cord...

Cow´s Milk-related Symptom Score - is there anything new?Review articles

MUDr. Kateřina Bajerová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(6):394-397 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.095  

The cow´s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most frequent allergy of infants and toddlers. It is challenging to early recognize the suspected patient and if indicated, start the diagnostic elimination followed by an oral challenge. To help the medical health care provider to identify infant at allergy risk experts published the Cow´s Milk Related Symptom Score (CoMiSS). The questionnaire brings a relevant overview of CMPA symptoms´ intensity and helps to work out the CMPA correctly. In 2022 the CoMiSS was updated: the cut-off decreased from ≥ 12 to ≥ 10, the Bristol Stool Scale was substituted by the Brussels Infant and Toddler Stool Scale...

New method of blood pressure measurement in the clinical settings - automatic office blood pressure measurementReview articles

doc. MUDr. Mgr. Terezie Šuláková, Ph.D., MUDr. Miroslava Burešová, MUDr. Kristýna Juráková, MUDr. Michal Řepišťák, doc. MUDr. Jan Pavlíček, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Tomáš Seeman, CSc., MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(6):389-393 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.094  

Accurate blood pressure (BP) measurement and its correct interpretation are essential factors influencing proper diagnosis and hypertension therapy. There are 5 methods of BP measurement. The office/casual/clinic blood pressure measurement has a central role as the most used method. This measurement is significantly influenced by its users and also by patient's response. Therefore, most of hypertension guidelines in adults but also in pediatrics have recommended out-of-office BP methods, i.e. home blood pressure measurement or ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Automated office blood pressure measurement (AOBP) with the patient alone in a room is...

Enterobius vermicularis - vector of the difficult-to-diagnose intestinal trichomonad Dientamoeba fragilis?At a glance

Mgr. Hana Bílková Fránková, MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(6):385-388 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.093  

Enterobius vermicularis (E. vermicularis) is currently the most common helminth of the human intestine. The statistics of the National Reference Laboratory for Intestinal Parasitoses show that it is almost the only representative of the helminth group in our conditions (1) (Table 1). Occurs or diagnoses this disease (enterobiosis, oxyuriasis) especially in children. Due to the rapid maturation of larvae in the egg (4-6 h), their overproduction (an adult female lays 5 000-12 000 eggs (2) (Fig. 1a, b, Fig. 2a, b) and the high resistance of eggs to external influences, I assume the current occurrence in most family members, including adults....

Arterial hypertension in paediatric patientsReview articles

MUC. Jiří Kodeš, MUDr. Petra Matalová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(6):380-382 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.092  

Arterial hypertension is a chronic disease affecting mainly adult patients. However, during the 21^st century, the prevalence of the disease is also increasing in paediatric patients, so it is important to keep it in mind in practice. The role of the general practitioner for children and adolescents is absolutely crucial. He/she should be the first one to catch the elevated blood pressure value. The prevalence of secondary hypertension is higher in small children. On the contrary, primary hypertension is more common in adolescents. Therapy is necessary mainly to prevent complications which can arise in childhood, but the risks in a long-time...

Functional tic disorder: a mass social media-induced contagion?Review articles

prof. MUDr. Evžen Růžička, DrSc., doc. MUDr. Eva Malá, CSc., doc. MUDr. Tereza Serranová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(6):372-379  

Tourette syndrome (TS) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood. The usual age of symptom onset is between the ages of 5 and 6 years, and the vast majority of cases emerge by age 12, up to four times more often in boys than in girls. The course of the disease characteristically varies over time, with exacerbations, remissions, and changes in the tic pattern. In adolescence, the tics usually diminish and marked late exacerbations are rare. However, since 2020, the number of new cases of tic disorder has increased sharply in adolescent girls. Their manifestations are incongruent with the classical presentation of TS and are suggestive...

Asymptomatic bacteriuriaReview articles

MUDr. Alexander Kolský, CSc., MUDr. Josef Gut, MUDr. Světlana Najmanová, MUDr. Eliška Bébrová

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(6):367-371 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.090  

Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) is recurrent significant bacteriuria in individuals with normal anatomy and function of the uropoietic tract, and without the presence of clinical symptoms. Despite the knowledge of pathophysiology and microbiology, the relationship between ABU and urinary tract infection (UTI) has not yet been fully elucidated. The incidence of ABU compared to UTI, is significantly lower. Children with ABU do not require therapy. In the case of antibiotic therapy for ABU, there is a possible risk of subsequent manifestation of UTI by more virulent strains and an increase in antibiotic resistence. Recurrence of ABU is also common. Today,...

Prémiové kojenecké mléko s probiotiky, prebiotiky a HMO: Výhody pro zdravý růst a imunitu dětíCompany information

RNDr. Pavel Ježek, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):357  

Pediatrie – jedna, či dvěEditorial

MUDr. Jan David, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):283  

The cooperation between paediatrics and early intervention program brings benefits to children with severe disabilitiesCompany information

Mgr. Lucie Bartusková, Mgr. Kristina Mezníková, Bc. Vladimíra Salvetová

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):354-355  

Interdisciplinary cooperation is very important when caring for a child with a severe disability. For early children, the cooperation of paediatricians with early childhood care workers and other professionals is proving to be very effective. Early start of support for the child's development and support for his family brings benefits to both the child and his parents.

Health literacy of parents in the field of influenza prevention in childrenFor nurses

PhDr. Iveta Ondriová, PhD., PhDr. Terézia Fertaľová, PhD., PhDr. Lívia Hadašová, PhD., MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):351-353 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.087  

Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease that is spread by droplet infection. Children are at risk of complications, subsequent hospitalization and, in the most severe cases, even death. One of the effective forms of prevention of influenza in children is increasing the health literacy of parents in the given issue. In the presented article, the authors present the results of a survey in the area of parents' awareness of flu prevention in children.

Acne therapy in adolescentsAt a glance

MUDr. Renata Kopová

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):346-350 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.086  

Acne is one of the most common skin diseases of adolescents, which significantly changes the quality of life and represents a serious socio-economic problem. The basis of successful treatment is an appropriately chosen external treatment, or the timely deployment of adequate systemic treatment.

Terra firmaOrbis Pictus Medicus

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Doležel, CSc., MUDr. Sandra Gruberová, MUDr. Jana Kopuletá

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):343-344 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.085  

Unusual increase of invasive pyogenic streptococci in childrenClinicoradiological diagnosis

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., Mgr. Pavla Kučová, Ph.D., MUC. Veronika Vašířová, MUC. Marek Teleky, MUDr. Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):336-342 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.084  

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus, GAS) causes a wide range of diseases in children, especially pharyngitis and scarlet fever. Less commonly, it can cause serious invasive infections, including necrotizing fasciitis, pneumonia, sepsis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. GAS infection requiring hospitalization is still associated with significant serious illness and short- and long-term morbidity in younger children. Early recognition of the disease and prompt antibiotic treatment is the most natural prevention of serious GAS complications today. In children under 10 years of age, the rate of infection with invasive GAS (iGAS) is higher...

Morbilliform drug eruption with fever and systemic manifestations - a case report of a 12-years-old female patientCase report

MUDr. Barbara Ivanková, MBA, MUDr. Eva Zavadilíková, MUDr. Katarína Gerecová, doc. MUDr. Janette Baloghová, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):331-334 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.083  

DRESS syndrome is a serious, potentially lethal hypersensitivity reaction that may manifest itself in a predisposed individual several weeks after taking the drug. It is important to keep it in mind in a patient who is being treated with suspected drug who develops high fevers, rash along with involvement of internal organs and typical hematological changes. Treatment consists of discontinuation of the drug, high doses of corticosteroids, possibly with intravenous immunoglobulins and complex therapy of affected organs. The authors present a case report of a 12-years-old girl under lamotrigine treatment with the development of fever, morbilliform rash,...

Surgical treatment of a giant congenital melanocytic nevus in the young girlCase report

MUDr. Júlia Bartková, MBA, Veronika Přichystalová, Anna Pribojová, MUDr. Ivan Suchánek, prof. MUDr. Břetislav Lipový, Ph.D., MBA, LL.M.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):326-330 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.082  

Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus (GCMN) causes a significant cosmetic defect associated with possible psychosocial problems in these patients, and mainly threatens these patients from the point of view of the possibility of the risk of malignant transformation. Currently, there is no well-defined strategy for how to approach these patients. The treatment strategy is different for each patient and it is important to consider it individually. In this case report, we present a girl in early adolescence with a giant congenital melanocytic nevus on the dorsum of the leg extending to the distal lower leg, in which we chose to apply an expander with later...

SARS-CoV-2 infection and newbornsReview articles

doc. MUDr. Jiří Dort, Ph.D., MUDr. Alice Mocková, Ph.D., MUDr. Magdalena Daumová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):321-324 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.081  

This article discusses the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus) infection to the fetus in utero. Transplacental transmission of the virus is possible but is rare due to the special protective equipment of the placenta. In the authors' own cohort of parturients, the risk of fetal and neonatal infection was low. They examined histological changes in the placentas of the affected mothers and described a picture of placentitis caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The authors added an illustrative case report of a premature infant with congenital SARS-CoV-2 infection.In the discussion, the authors then describe...

Immunomodulatory effect of human milk oligosaccharides and their potential role in allergic disease preventionReview articles

MUDr. Jakub Pecl, MBA, MUDr. Matěj Hrunka, MUDr. Tereza Pinkasová

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):316-320 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.080  

The prevalence of allergic diseases is currently reaching epidemic proportions. It is estimated that nearly 1 billion of the global population suffer from some of these diseases worldwide, with allergic diseases being among the most common chronic diseases in developed countries. After the increase in respiratory allergic diseases, food allergies are referred to as the second wave of this epidemic increase. Given the practical absence of the possibility of causal treatment to date, emphasis is placed on the possibilities of primary and secondary prevention especially of food allergies. The use of specific dietary components in early childhood, which...

Breast milk jaundiceReview articles

MUDr. Nabil El-Lababidi

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):313-315 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.079  

Breast milk jaundice is a relatively common, benign condition, which is present in 20-30 % of exclusively or predominantly breast-fed infants. This type of jaundice usually manifests between the first and second week of life of the newborn and remains until the 8^th-12^th week of age. Its aetiology is not yet fully understood. The presence of factors affecting bilirubin metabolism in the breast milk is considered. Up to 70 % of infants have a genetic mutation in UGT1A1*6. It seems that alterations of gut microbiota composition and its metabolites may affect the enterohepatic bilirubin circulation. The diagnosis of breast...

Nutrition of moderately and late preterm infantsReview articles

MUDr. Tereza Brožová

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):309-312 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.078  

Infants born before 37 weeks of gestation have different nutritional requirements from term infants. It is important to start the enteral nutrition early after birth, gradually increase the amounts, monitor glycemia, supplement nutrients (by breast milk fortification or preterm formula milk) and support sucking and breastfeeding appropriately to their age. Nutritional care of preterm infants aims at supporting extrauterine growth and body composition approaching the model of normal intrauterine growth of fetus of the same gestational age. The quality and quantity of nutrition during early life has been recognized as a key determinant for health outcomes,...

How to enhance protective capacity of children by balanced nutrition and healthy lifestyleReview articles

prof. RNDr. Jan Krejsek, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):304-308 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.077  

Cold season is characterized by increased presence of respiratory viral infections. It is cost by seasonal increase in presence of viruses with substantial contribution of decreased protective immunity of children. This is the result of complex interplays between immunity and other body systems. One from the major contributors is unhealthy lifestyle of children characterized by low physical activity, disturbances in night sleep and inadequate nutrition. Changes foccusing on lifestyle in combination with physical activity can enhance protective potential of children. This could be also improved by intervention into the nutrition. Nutrition has to contain...

Hypophosphatasia and its differential diagnosisReview articles

doc. MUDr. Štěpán Kutílek, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):299-303 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.076  

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare, inherited, metabolic disease characterized by disorders of calcium and phosphate metabolism, bone deformities, loss of teeth, recurrent fractures, growth retardation. HPP is caused by mutations of gene encoding tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). Over 400 TNSALP mutations have been documented so far. The mutation results in TNSALP deficiency and leads to defective skeletal mineralization. There are six subtypes of HPP: Perinatal lethal HPP and Infantile HPP, both of which are lethal; Benign prenatal HPP, Childhood-onset HPP, Adult HPP and OdontoHPP with a better prognosis. Clinical manifestations of...

Update of recommendations for antibiotic treatment of acute bacterial otitis media in childrenReview articles

MUDr. Pavel Horník, MUDr. Tomáš Parák, Ph.D., PharmDr. Lenka Paráková, Ph.D., Mgr. Kateřina Manová, Karin Konešová, MUDr. Josef Machač

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):291-298 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.075  

Acute otitis media (AOM) is still one of the most common diseases in children. The article focuses on the individual bacterial agents of AOM in children, their characteristics, changes over time, the state of resistance and recommended management for the treatment of AOM based on current data.

Postcovid sequelae in children and adolescentsReview articles

MUDr. Jan David, Ph.D., MUDr. Šárka Fingerhutová

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(5):287-290 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.074  

In paediatric practice, the decreasing incidence of novel coronavirus disease (covid-19) is associated with a wide variety of postcovid symptoms. In addition to the multisystem inflammatory syndrome (PIMS-TS), children and adolescents are more likely to experience various, often polyvalent disorders that are attributed to covid-19. There is talk of the so-called postcovid syndrome. Many different symptoms can be included under its definition, however, it is always necessary to think about the exclusion of other organics. The presented article deals with postcovidal symptoms in children and adolescents, practical procedure and differential diagnosis.