ČOLEK aneb když hudba pomáháInformation

MUDr. Bohumila Horáková

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):274

Raná péče jako klíčový článek návazné péče  po screeningu zraku u dětíInformation

www.ranapece.cz

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):272-273

Digitální hranice u dětí: lze určit, co už je moc a jak z toho ven?Editorial

doc. Mgr. Kateřina Lukavská, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):204

Kožní mikrobiom u dětí: proč na něj cíleně myslet a jak jej podpořit pre-, pro- a postbiotiky v denní péčiCompany information

Ing. Daniela Součková

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):270-271

Analysis and assessment of physical child abuse symptoms and their evaluation: review articleFor nurses

Mgr. Petra Benešová, Ph.D., MBA, Bc. Simona Martynková, Mgr. Jiřina Hosáková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):262-268 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.044

Aim: The aim of the study was to search for and to analyse available knowledge about the symptoms of physical child abuse, to map visible and hidden injuries caused by physical abuse, and to search for assessment tools to predict physical child abuse. Methods: The systematic review included full-text reviews of primary research published in English language between 2010 and 2025. Both freely accessible and licensed databases BiblioMedica/Medvik, PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, CINAHL Plus with Full Text and EBSCO were used for the search. Results: The literature review showed that over a period of fifteen years, a number of studies were published...

Giant antrochoanal polyp with oropharyngeal extension in a 13-year-old girlClinicoradiological diagnosis

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Lenka Bakaj-Zbrožková, Ph.D., MUDr. Tomáš Bakaj, Ph.D., MUDr. Kryštof Vitoul, MUDr. Oksana Tkačyk

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):259-261 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.043

Antrochoanal polyps (ACP) are rare benign lesions arising in the maxillary sinus that extend into the nasopharynx. In exceptional cases, they may extend as far as the oropharynx, where they cause symptoms such as dysphagia and changes in the voice. The diagnosis of an advanced polyp based on atypical symptoms is crucial for planning further investigation and treatment. We present a 13-year-old girl with an advanced unilateral ACP extending into the oropharynx, presenting with a history of only six months of obstruction of the right nasal cavity, a sensation of a foreign body in the throat, and mouth breathing during sleep. The patient underwent functional...

Bradycardia in athletes - two case reports from clinical practiceCase report

MUDr. Markéta Sovová, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Eliška Sovová, Ph.D., MBA, MUDr. Libor Jelínek, Ph.D., MUDr. Radek Adámek, MUDr. Pavel Mišove

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):254-258 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.042

Bradycardia is a common finding in athletes and in most cases is a manifestation of physiological adaptation to endurance exercise. In asymptomatic young athletes, a pathological cause is rare; on the other hand, this finding may also be the first sign of pathological changes in the conduction system, structural heart disease, or even an autoimmune or genetic disease. Proper differentiation between physiological and pathological bradycardia is therefore essential both in terms of treatment and assessment of athletic fitness. We present two case studies that demonstrate the correct procedure for examining athletes with bradycardia based on the latest...

Acute persistent facial erythema following anti-age cosmetic application in an 11-year-old girl: the growing psychosocial impact of skincare trends in childhoodCase report

MUDr. Barbara Ivanková, MBA, MUDr. Hana Juhásová, MPH, MUDr. Tomáš Kampe, PhD., MPH, doc. MUDr. Janette Baloghová, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):251-253 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.041

In recent years, we have observed a significant increase in the use of cosmetic and skincare products among children and preadolescents, influenced by a combination of social media, influencer marketing, beauty trends, the commercial availability of cosmetic products, and changing societal perceptions of appearance and skincare. Pediatric skin possesses distinct epidermal barrier properties and increased vulnerability to irritant and allergic reactions. We present the case of an 11-year-old girl who developed sudden-onset intense persistent erythema of both cheeks following the application of an anti-age serum and subsequent decorative cosmetic product....

Constipation in childhoodAt a glance

MUDr. Eliška Hloušková

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):246-247 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.040

Constipation is a common problem in childhood. It is defined by infrequent and difficult bowel movements. In most cases, constipation is functional and results from voluntary stool withholding. Diagnosis is based on the fulfillment of the Rome IV criteria. If warning signs of organic disease are present, an organic cause should first be excluded. Treatment is based on several concurrent steps: education, disimpaction, and long-term laxative therapy. This article discusses both the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to functional constipation.

Nonpharmacological measures in recurrent urinary tract infections in children and adolescentsReview articles

MUDr. Zuzana Vyoralová

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):241-245

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children are a common reason for visiting a paediatrician as well as for being hospitalized. Children with recurrent UTIs are at a higher risk of kidney injury, particularly when concurrent with vesicoureteral reflux. Prevention involves a set of measures intended to reduce the recurrence rate and thus the risk of renal insufficiency. Given the increasing pharmacological resistance of bacteria, nonpharmacological measures are becoming increasingly important.

Drug poisoning in children and how to prevent itReview articles

MUDr. Hedvika Adamová, MUDr. Petra Matalová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):236-240 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.039

Drug intoxications in children are common, acute and potentially life-threatening situation in pediatrics. Children represent the majority of all toxicological consultations provided by the Toxicological Information Center. The most common noxious agent that harms children is medicinal products, which are typically ingested in the home environment as part of an adverse event. Although these events can be very easily prevented, especially by consistent education of the general public on the safe storage of medicines in the home environment, drug intoxications in children have shown a long-term upward trend. This article aims to raise awareness among...

Comprehensive management of the pediatric neuro-oncology patientReview articles

MUDr. Jana Táborská, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Michal Zápotocký, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Vladimír Beneš III., Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):227-234 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.038

Among pediatric malignancies, central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The overall five-year survival rate for pediatric patients with brain tumors is around 80 %. However, survival outcomes vary significantly across specific diagnoses. The heterogeneity of these diagnoses, along with anatomical locations and other clinical variables, results in substantial variability in the available therapeutic modalities for each individual patient. The cornerstone of pediatric brain tumor management is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary asses­sment of the patient, carefully weighing the treatment options and...

Treatment of iron deficiency in childrenReview articles

MUDr. Martina Suková

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):222-226 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.037

Iron deficiency (sideropenia) is the most common nutritional deficiency in the pediatric population. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA), a clinical consequence of severe iron deficiency (ID), is the most prevalent hematological disorder worldwide. Risk of iron deficiency is associated with periods of increased iron requirements combined with low stores, particularly in preterm infants, in exclusively breastfed infants after six months of age and during adolescence. Except for low iron intake, iron deficiency may also result from impaired iron absorption associated with gastrointestinal diseases or specific malabsorption syndromes, as well as from increased...

Epistaxis in childrenReview articles

MUDr. Ivan Kalivoda, MBA, MUDr. Jakub Syrovátka, MUDr. Michaela Syrovátková

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):216-220 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.036

Epistaxis is a common clinical problem in children, ranging from minor to potentially serious presentations. It may also represent the first manifestation of an underlying disease. This article provides a structured overview of the differential diagnosis of epistaxis, its management, and recommendations for primary care physicians on when to refer a patient to an otorhinolaryngologist or another specialist.

Sleep disorders in childhoodReview articles

MUDr. Vilém Novák, Ph.D., MUDr. Ondřej Hrubý, MUDr. Eva Babka Štěpánová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):208-215 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.035

Sleep disorders in childhood occur in at least 30 % of children, from the neonatal period until adolescence. The most important task is to identify affections that may negatively affect cognitive functions, especially attention as well as behaviour, emotions, learning and school performance, the child's health and growth, and the cardiovascular system. Correct and timely diagnosis of insomnia, obstructive sleep apnoea, and narcolepsy is essential for favourable development in childhood. An important relationship might occur between certain types of epilepsies and the sleep-wake (circadian) rhythm. About 1/3 of epileptic patients experience epileptic...

Dětská obezita: stále máme čas na změnuEditorial

prim. MUDr. Jan Boženský, MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):139

Vosoritide - naděje pro děti s achondroplaziíHeard at a congress

MUDr. Zuzana Zafarová

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):195-198

Ramsay Hunt syndrome complicated by varicela zoster virus associated meningoencephalitis in a six-year-old girlClinicoradiological diagnosis

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Lenka Bakaj-Zbrožková, Ph.D., MUDr. Tomáš Bakaj, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):192-194 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.032

Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) is caused by reactivation of the varicela zoster virus, which persists in a latent state in the geniculate ganglion after primary infection with chickenpox. The syndrome is characterized by a combination of peripheral facial nerve palsy, a painful herpetiform vesicular eruption on the ear auricle and in the external auditory canal, and possible accompanying vestibulocochlear symptoms with disturbances of taste, hearing, or balance. It occurs less frequently in children and generally has a milder course than in adults. The syndrome accounts for approximately 15% of cases of facial nerve palsy in children. Rarely, it can be...

When a "viral infection" is not a viral infection: morning vomiting and behavioral changes as signs of intracranial hypertension in a toddlerCase report

MUDr. Miroslav Belbl

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):189-191 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.031

We present the case of an almost two-year-old girl who presented to the pediatric emergency ambulance with sudden onset of symptoms of intracranial hypertension and peripheral facial nerve palsy. Due to the alarming symptoms, brain imaging was immediately performed, which confirmed the diagnosis of a brainstem tumor with obstructive hydrocephalus. The girl was subsequently transferred to a neurosurgical department for ventricular drainage. The discussion addresses the prevalence of these tumors, their prognosis, and their typical symptoms.

Case report of severe congenital neutropeniaCase report

MUDr. Pavel Mazánek

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):186-188 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.030

Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) comprises a group of rare hematological disorders characterized by profound neutropenia (ANC < 0.5 × 10⁹/L) and impaired neutrophil maturation in the bone marrow. The disease typically presents in early infancy with recurrent and potentially life-threatening bacterial infections. The most common genetic causes include mutations in the ELANE and HAX1 genes. SCN is associated with an increased risk of progression to myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is the mainstay of therapy, significantly improving neutrophil counts and reducing infections....

Vomiting and motion sickness in children during travel - recommendation for parentsAt a glance

PharmDr. Petra Rozsívalová, PharmDr. Aneta Vopařilová Marková, Ph.D., MUDr. Marie Kopecká, doc. PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):181-185 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.029

Motion sickness is a physiological response to sensory conflict between the vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive systems, most commonly affecting children aged 4-13 years. The clinical picture ranges from malaise and yawning to nausea and vomiting. Non-pharmacological preventive measures are the cornerstone of management. Pharmacotherapy is indicated when these measures fail; first-generation antihistamines (dimenhydrinate, cinnarizine, moxastine) are the drugs of choice in children. Scopolamine and promethazine are off-label in young children. This article provides a practical, evidence-based summary of motion sickness management including non-pharmacological...

Art therapy intervention in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorderReview articles

doc. MUDr. Petr Kachlík, Ph.D., MSc., Mgr. Pavel Sochor, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):177-180 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.028

This is a review article, the aim of which is to expand awareness of the field of art therapy, the possibilities of applying art therapy approaches, methods and techniques in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The text includes the development of professional knowledge, including current information from research and practice. The paper lists workplaces focusing on this target group. The multidisciplinary topic connects not only special educators, but also psychologists, art therapists and pediatricians.

Nutritional support for preterm infants after discharge: indications for interventions and the role of iron supplementation in comprehensive careReview articles

MUDr. Jiří Dušek, Ph.D., MHA, MUDr. Lenka Nedvědová, MUDr. Jana Dušková

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):174-176 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.027

Nutrition after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit represents an important period influencing the subsequent growth and neurodevelopment of preterm infants. Infants born before 32 weeks of gestation or with very low birth weight remain at increased risk of postnatal growth restriction and nutritional deficiencies. This article summarizes the main indications for nutritional interventions after hospital discharge, with emphasis on growth monitoring and the role of iron supplementation as part of comprehensive post-discharge care. A practical framework for follow-up and nutritional management in outpatient pediatric practice is also discussed.

Association of gastroesophageal reflux and recurrent bronchospasms in preschool children: from pathophysiology to practiceReview articles

MUDr. Peter Kunč, PhD., MUDr. Jaroslav Fábry, PhD., MUDr. Tomáš Strachan, PhD., prof. MUDr. Renata Péčová, PhD., MPH

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):169-173 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.026

Recurrent wheezing represents a significant cause of respiratory morbidity in preschool children. While viral infections remain the primary drivers, comorbidities such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and extraesophageal reflux (EER) play a significant role in refractory cases. This review analyzes the complex and bidirectional relationship between reflux and the respiratory tract, focusing on the pathophysiological mecha­nisms of microaspiration and the vagal reflex. It critically assesses the limitations of standard pH-metry in detecting non-acid reflux and highlights the importance of multichannel intraluminal impedance . Finally, it summarizes...

The most frequently indicated diets in pediatricsReview articles

MUDr. Jiří Kopeček, MUDr. Peter Szitányi, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):159-168 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.025

Children, as adults, have conditions for which dietary adjustments are required as part of their treatment. Diets must be managed with sensitivity to the balance between therapeutic effect and higher energy intake requirements and sufficient provision of nutrients within a developing organism. This review article discusses the most common diets encountered in pediatrics, their characteristics, and their most common risks. Article is focused on diets in chronical diseases.

Proteins in infant diet: how much is too little, how much is too much, how much is optimal, and why?Review articles

doc. MUDr. Milan Kuchta, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):152-158

Introduction: Breast milk proteins represent an essential macronutrient for the growth and development of infants. These proteins exhibit specific biological quality: a high proportion of whey proteins relative to casein, a rich content of bioactive fractions (e. g. immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin) and play an important role in immunomodulation and digestive maturation. Context: Historically, infant formulas have been designed with higher protein content (≥ 2.5 g/100 kcal) than breast milk to compensate for the different biological value of cow's milk proteins and to support growth. However, such higher levels have been associated...

Neutropenia - a practical guideReview articles

MUDr. Veronika Fiamoli, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):148-151 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.024

Neutropenia is one of the most common hematological findings in children. In the pediatric population, immune-mediated neutropenias predominate, which are transient with variable neutrophil levels, mostly without severe clinical manifestations and may remain under the care of a pediatrician. The most common units of acquired neutropenia include autoimmune neutropenia, parainfectious neutropenia, neonatal neutropenia, and drug-induced neutropenia and neutropenia due to nutritional deficiencies. In contrast, congenital neutropenias, which manifest during the first months of life, are persistent and are accompanied by profound neutropenia with severe...

Eosinophilic esophagitisReview articles

MUDr. Nabil El-Lababidi

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):142-147 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.023

Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, progressive, immunologically mediated disease of the oesophagus, which may cause symptoms of oesophageal dysfunction. Both the incidence and prevalence of EoE are increasing. Clinical presentations are varied and often non-specific. Traditionally associated symptoms with EoE, mainly dysphagia and food impaction, are present in school-aged children and adolescents. EoE treatment is based on elimination diet, proton pump inhibitors and/or topical corticosteroids. Anti-interleukin 4/13, dupilumab, may be considered as an option in refractory EoE cases. Prognosis of this disease is unknown.

Dětské duševní zdraví v krizi: změny systému nelze dále odkládatEditorial

doc. MUDr. Michal Goetz, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(2):75

Cavernous hemangioma of the small intestine in a child as a cause of anemia - a case reportCase report

MUDr. Andrej Sipták, MUDr. Jan Škvařil, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(2):131-134 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.021

Vascular tumors are the most common soft tissue neoplasms and account for approxi­mately 7-11% of all benign tumors. However, hemangiomas of the gastrointestinal system are very rare and occur in 0.05% of all gastrointestinal tumors. In this article, we present a case report of a 5.5-year-old boy admitted to the Pediatric Department for anemia syndrome with a hemoglobin value of 39 g/l. After repeated transfusions and stabilization of the condition, an abdominal sonography was performed, followed by CT and MRI with the finding of multilocular expansion of cystic appearance in the left half of the abdomen. The patient was then transferred to the surgical...